Man Met language

Man Met
Kemie
Native toChina
RegionSouthwest Yunnan
Native speakers
(900 cited 1990)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
mml – Man Met
kfj – Kemie (duplicate code)
Glottologkemi1240  Kemiehua
manm1238  Man Met
ELPMan Met

Man Met, or Kemie (Chinese: 克蔑话 Kemiehua), is a poorly classified Austroasiatic language spoken by about 1,000 people in Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna, China. It is classified as an Angkuic language by Paul Sidwell (2010). It may be or Mangic according to Li Yunbing (2005), or Palaungic. Like most other Austroasiatic languages, Kemie has subject–verb–object (SVO) word order.

Autonyms include man13 met53 (曼咪), kʰɤ31 met53 (克蔑), and kʰɤ31 miŋ33 (克敏), or khaʔ33 min33.

Distribution

Kemie is spoken in the following villages by just over 1,000 people.

Phonology

The data for Man Met phonology was recorded by Chen (2005) from native speakers of the Xiao Mammi village (小曼咪村), Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.

Word structure

Most lexemes are monosyllabic, though disyllabic compound words are pretty common. Stress falls on the final syllable in disyllables. The word structure can be described as (ʔa/m).ˈCiV(Cf)T. The presyllable /m-/ is a syllabic [m̩].

Suprasegmentals (tones)

Man Met features seven tones, though some one them have limited distributions.

Tone valueNoteExample
11Predominantly found in Tai loans; has final /ʔ/ or creak.kʰɔn³¹ lɔ¹¹ "tadpole"
13Infrequent, predominately with historically short /a, ɤ/ nuclei.aɕim¹³ "bird"
31Predominates in historically long non-high nuclei.atɕɔh³¹ "ants"
33Only two examples were attested.hɔt³³ "to end"
35Predominates with historically approximant and palatal codas.sɤm³⁵ "to plant"
53Restricted to checked and short syllables only.pɛʔ⁵³ "goat, sheep"
55Infrequent, occurs with /i, u/ with nasal codas. Varies to 35~13 in connected speech.fa⁵⁵ "wide"

Consonants

Onsets

Man Met onsets
Labial Alveolar Alveopalatal Velar Glottal
Plosive plain p t k ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
Fricative voiceless f s ɕ h
voiced v ɣ
Affricate t͡s t͡ɕ
Nasal m n ȵ ŋ
Lateral l

In uninterrupted speech, /t͡s/ may be confused with /t͡ɕ/, according to report by Chen (2005). /s/ tends to realize as [t͡sʰ] in Han loan words. The language has the following complex onsets: /pr pw pʰr pʰw (tr) kr kw kʰr kʰw/.

Codas

Codas
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p t k ʔ
Nasal m n ŋ
Semivowel u̯ i̯

Vowels

Man Met monophthongs
Front Central Back
Close i ɯ u
Mid e ɤ o
Open ɛ ă, a ɔ

Lexicon

Pronouns

singulardualplural
1st person ɔʔ⁵³ai³⁵ au³¹ iʔ⁵³ɛʔ⁵³
2nd person meʔ⁵³pʰau³⁵pʰɛʔ⁵³
3rd person ɤn³⁵kau³⁵kɛʔ⁵³

Numerals

GlossManMetProto-Palaungic
1 m̩.ɔ³¹ *moːh
2 au³¹ *ləʔaːr
3 ɔi³¹ *ləʔɔːj
4 pʰon³¹ *poːn
5 ɕɛn⁵⁵ *pəsan
6 tʰɔn³¹ *tɔːl
7 – *təpuːl
8 – *taːʔ
9 – *tiːm
10 – *kɤːl
100 – *prjah
1000 – *sreːŋ

Body parts

GlossMan MetProto-Palaungic
arm, hand tʰiʔ⁵³ *tiːʔ
belly tɤn¹³ *kəɗɤl
bone aŋ³¹ *cəʔaːŋ
breast m̩tʰuh³³ *tuːs
ear lăʔ⁵³sok³³ *ʰjoːk
eye săk⁵³ŋai³¹ *ˀŋaːj
foot tɕeŋ³¹ *ɟɤːŋ
hair suk⁵³kʰiŋ⁵⁵ *suk
heart sak⁵³nɔh³³ *nɔːs
liver tʰɔm³¹ *kətɔːm
nose tʰuʔ⁵³tɤʔ⁵³ *kəɗɤːʔ
tail tʰăʔ⁵³ *sntaʔ
tongue tʰak³³ *-taːk
vein sai³¹ in⁵⁵ *siːʔ

Fauna

GlossMan MetProto-Palaungic
ant a tɕɔh³¹ *cɔːʔ
bear a feh³³ *kreːs
bee siau³¹ *pəsiɛr
bird a ɕim¹³ *ciːm
buffalo fak³³ *traːk
cat a ŋiau³¹ *ʔᵊɲɛw
civet a ɕɛn¹³ *car
dog sɔʔ⁵³ *cɔːʔ
goat pɛʔ⁵³ *bɛʔ
eagle a kʰaŋ³¹ *klaːŋ
fowl iau³¹ *ʔiɛr
horse păŋ⁵⁵ *mraŋ
louse siʔ⁵³ *ciːʔ
monkey făʔ⁵³ *sʋaʔ
pig lek³³ *-leːk
termite a ɣun¹³ *ŋruːɲ
tiger/leopard a vai³¹ *rəʋaːj

Flora & nature

GlossMan MetProto-Palaungic
black laŋ⁵⁵ *laŋ
bamboo hɤŋ⁵⁵ *ʰrɤŋ
earth pʰɤn³⁵tʰɛʔ⁵³ *kəteːʔ
flower haŋ³¹ *raːŋ
fruit pʰeʔ⁵³ *pleeʔ
leaf lăʔ⁵³ *hlaʔ
moon a kʰɛn³¹ *kiɛr
pumpkin a pʰin¹³ *-piːr
rain tɕuŋ⁵⁵ *ɟuŋ
red hɛŋ⁵⁵ *rooŋ
rice grain a kʰoʔ⁵³, kʰău¹³ *rəŋkoːʔ
rice (cooked) up⁵³ *ʔuup
rice (tree) ŋɔʔ⁵³ *sŋɔːʔ
rice chaff kʰam³¹ *səkaːm
salt puʔ⁵³ bluːʔ
sand a sat³³ -saːc
taro a hoʔ⁵³ səroːɁ
yellow hoŋ³¹ *rmiit

Tools and concepts

GlossMan MetProto-Palaungic
axe mɤi³¹ *ˀmɤːj
bow, crossbow a ak⁵³ *ʔaːk
chair pʰaŋ³¹ *paːŋ
charcoal sɛh⁵³ *kətsas
comb nah³³ *cənaːs
copper tɔŋ³¹ *dɔːŋ
house ȵăʔ⁵³ *ɲaːʔ
iron a ŋaŋ³⁵ *rəŋɔ/aŋ
knife sɔ³⁵ *təcɔːs
left side vɛʔ⁵³ *-ʋeʔ
paddy kʰuŋ³⁵ *kuːŋ
pestle kʰɔk⁵³ pʰan³⁵ (< mortar) *pal
wall a fiŋ⁵⁵ *ti(ː)ŋ
weave tʰan⁵³ *taːɲ

References

  1. ↑ Man Met at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Kemie (duplicate code) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ Li, Yunbing 李云兵 (2005). Bùgēngyǔ yánjiū 布赓语研究 [A Study of Bugeng [Bugan]] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  3. 1 2 Chen (2005), p. 1
  4. ↑ Yan & Zhou (2012), p. 154
  5. ↑ "Jǐnghóng Shì Yǔnjǐnghóng Jiēdào Bànshìchù Màngēlóng Cūnwěihuì Xiǎomànmī" 景洪市允景洪街道办事处曼戈龙村委会小曼咪 [Xiaomanmi, Mangelong Village Committee, Yunjinghong Sub-district Office, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  6. ↑ "Jǐnghóng Shì Yǔnjǐnghóng Jiēdào Bànshìchù Màngēlóng Cūnwěihuì Dàmànmī" 景洪市允景洪街道办事处曼戈龙村委会大曼咪 [Damanmi, Mangelong Village Committee, Yunjinghong Sub-district Office, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  7. ↑ "Jǐnghóng Shì Yǔnjǐnghóng Jiēdào Bànshìchù Màngēlóng Cūnwěihuì Jiāngtóu Mànmī" 景洪市允景洪街道办事处曼戈龙村委会江头曼咪 [Jiangtou Manmi, Mangelong Village Committee, Yunjinghong Sub-district Office, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  8. ↑ "Jǐnghóng Shì Gāsǎ Zhèn Mànmài Cūnwěihuì Mànmī Cūn" 景洪市嘎洒镇曼迈村委会曼咪村 [Manmi Village, Manmai Village Committee, Gasa Town, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  9. ↑ "Jǐnghóng Shì Měngyǎng Zhèn Mànjǐngkǎn Cūnwěihuì Sānjiā Cūn" 景洪市勐养镇曼景坎村委会三家村 [Sanjia Village, Manjingkan Village Committee, Mengyang Town, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  10. ↑ Sidwell 2015, p. 53.
  11. ↑ Chen 2005.
  12. 1 2 Sidwell 2015, p. 54.

Further reading

  • Chen, Guoqing 陈国庆 (2005). Kèmièyǔ yánjiū 克蔑语研究 [A Study of Kemie] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  • Gao, Yongqi 高永奇 (2004). Bùxìngyǔ yánjiū 布兴语研究 [A Study of Buxing] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  • Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志 (2012). Zhōngguó Mèng-Gāomián yǔzú yǔyán yǔ nányǎ yǔxì 中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系 [Mon-Khmer Languages of China and the Austroasiatic Family] (in Chinese). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.
  • Sidwell, Paul (2015). The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon. München: Lincom Europa.