Naduo Formation

Naduo Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle or Late Eocene
TypeFormation
UnderliesGongkang Formation
OverliesBose Basin
Location
RegionGuangxi
CountryChina

The Naduo Formation or Nadu Formation is a geologic formation in Guangxi, southern China. The Naduo Formation preserves fossils dating back to the Middle or Late Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period, including a relatively diverse fauna of mammals.

Paleoenvironment

In 1999, Gengwu Liu and Rongyu Yang published a study of fossil pollen collected in the Naduo Formation, identifying a diverse flora of 160 species, in 121 genera and 62 families. Based on the pollen, they could determine that the paleoenvironment of the Naduo Formation was likely a lowland basin, covered by a mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest, probably similar to the environments that still dominate southern China today.

Mammal fossils

Aegialodontia

Genus/family Species Notes/affinities Images
Eodesmatodon E. spanios

Artiodactyla

Genus/family Species Notes/affinities Images
Anthracothema A. rubricae An anthracothere.
Anthracokeryx A. birmanicus An anthracothere. The fossil record of Anthracokeryx in the Naduo Formation is very poor, and species assignments are questionable. A. moriturus may also be a synonym of Anthracotherium crassum. The recognition of Microbunodon in the Naduo Formation in 2010 casts doubt on identification of Anthracokeryx, since the two genera are difficult to tell apart dentally.
A. moriturus
A. sp.
Bothriodon? B. chyelingensis An anthracothere.
Choeropotamidae or Helohyidae gen. nov. A new (undescribed) genus and species of cheropotamid or helohyid.
Entelodontidae Entelodontidae indet. An indeterminate entelodont.
Gobiomeryx G. sp. A ruminant.
Heothema H. bellia An anthracothere.
H. media
Huananothema H. imparilica An anthracothere.
Indomeryx I. cotteri A ruminant.
Microbunodon M. sp. An anthracothere.
Notomeryx N. besensis A ruminant.
N. major
Suidae gen. nov. A sp. nov. A new (undescribed) genus and species of suid.
Suidae gen. nov. B sp. nov. A new (undescribed) genus and species of suid.
Tayassuidae gen. nov. sp. nov. A new (undescribed) genus and species of peccary.
Tragulidae Tragulidae indet. A ruminant.

Carnivora

Genus/family Species Notes/affinities Images
Cephalogale C. sp. nov. A hemicyonine ("dog bear").
cf. Cephalogale cf. C. sp. A hemicyonine ("dog bear").
Guangxicyon G. sinoamericanus An amphicyonid ("bear-dog"). Previously treated under the nomen nudum "Guangxicynodon sinocaliforniae".
Pachycynodon? P.? sp. An amphicynodontid.

Hyaenodontia

Genus/family Species Notes/affinities Images
Propterodon? P.? sp. A hyaenodontid.

Mesonychia

Genus/family Species Notes/affinities Images
Guilestes G. acares A mesonychid.
G. cf. acares
cf. Harpagolestes cf. H. sp. A mesonychid.

Perissodactyla

Genus/family Species Notes/affinities Images
Caenolophus C. sp. An amynodont.
Deperetella D. sp. A deperetellid.
Eomoropus E. cf. quadridentatus An eomoropid.
Guixia G. simplex A rhinoceros.
Huananodon H. hui An amynodont.
"Metatelmatherium" "M". cf. brownii A brontothere. "Metatelmatherium" brownii does not belong to the genus Metatelmatherium, and the poor fossil material makes it difficult to identify. It may be a synonym of the dubious brontothere Sivatitanops birmanicum.
Paramynodon P. sp. An amynodont.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Egi, Naoko; Takai, Masanaru; Shigehara, Nobuo; Aye Ko, Aung; Thein, Tin; Soe, Aung Naing; Tun, Soe Thura (2000). "A preliminary report on the Eocene mammals of the Pondaung fauna, Myanmar". Asian Palaeoprimatology. 1: 63.
  2. 1 2 Gengwu, Liu; Rongyu, Yang (1999). "Pollen assemblages of the late Eocene Nadu formation from the Bose basin of Guangxi, Southern China". Palynology. 23 (1): 97–114. doi:10.1080/01916122.1999.9989524. ISSN 0191-6122.
  3. 1 2 3 Tsubamoto, Takehisa (2010). "Recognition of Microbunodon (Artiodactyla, Anthracotheriidae) from the Eocene of China". Paleontological Research. 14 (2): 161–165. doi:10.2517/1342-8144-14.2.161. ISSN 1342-8144.
  4. ↑ Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Takai, Masanaru; Egi, Naoko; Shigehara, Nobuo; Tun, Soe Thura; Aung, Aye Ko; Soe, Aung Naing; Thein, Tin (2002). "The Anthracotheriidae (Mammalia; Artiodactyla) from the Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar) and comments on some other anthracotheres from the Eocene of Asia". Paleontological Research. 6 (4): 363–384. doi:10.2517/prpsj.6.363. ISSN 1342-8144.
  5. 1 2 Zhai Renjie, Russell L. Ciochon, Tong Yongsheng, Donald E. Savage, Michael Morlo, Patricia A. Holroyd, and Gregg F. Gunnell. (2003) An aberrant amphicyonid mammal from the latest Eocene of the Bose Basin, Guangxi, China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2), 293-300
  6. 1 2 Mihlbachler, Matthew C. (2008). "Species Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2008 (311). doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2008)501[1:STPABO]2.0.CO;2.