Paradoxurus

Paradoxurus
Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Viverridae
Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
Genus: Paradoxurus
Cuvier, 1822
Type species
Viverra hermaphrodita
Pallas, 1777
Species

see table

Paradoxurus ranges

Paradoxurus is a genus of five palm civets within the viverrid family that was denominated and first described by Frédéric Cuvier in 1822. The Paradoxurus species have a broad head, a narrow muzzle with a large rhinarium that is deeply sulcate in the middle. Their large ears are rounded at the tip. The tail is nearly as long as the head and body.

Characteristics

Paradoxurus species have a broad head, a narrow muzzle with a large rhinarium that is deeply sulcate in the middle. Their large ears are rounded at the tip, the interior ridges and bursae are well developed. The skull exhibits marked muscular moulding, and the postorbital area is deeply constricted shortly behind the well-developed postorbital processes. It is considerably narrower than the interorbital area and than the muzzle above the canines. The dental formula is 3.1.4.23.1.4.2. The palate is not produced behind to cover the anterior half of the mesopterygoid fossa, and is flat and expanded between the posterior cheek teeth. The tail is nearly as long as the head and body, and about six times as long as the hind foot. Males do not have bacula.

Taxonomy

In 2009, it was proposed to also include the golden wet-zone palm civet (P. aureus, Cuvier, 1822), the Sri Lankan brown palm civet (P. montanus, Kelaart, 1852) and the golden dry-zone palm civet (P. stenocephalus, Groves et al., 2009), which are endemic to Sri Lanka. A subsequent study found very low genetic diversity and no geographical structure within the golden palm civet and did not support the proposed split. In 2015, comparison of molecular and morphological data indicated that P. hermaphroditus comprised three major clades that should be recognized as separate species: namely one in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (as Paradoxurus hermaphroditus sensu stricto), one in Sumatra, Java and other small islands (Paradoxurus musanga), and the third in the Philippines and the Mentawai Islands (Paradoxurus philippensis).

Genus Paradoxurus – Cuvier, 1822 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Northern palm civet

 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
(Pallas, 1777)		 Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Laos, Vietnam, South China and Thailand: 170  Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 

Southern palm civet

 Paradoxurus musanga
(Raffles, 1821)		 Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Nias, Java, Flores and Rote island: 170  Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 

Philippine palm civet Paradoxurus philippinensis
(Jourdan, 1837)		 Mentawai Islands, Borneo and the Philippines: 170  Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 

Golden palm civet

 Paradoxurus zeylonensis
(Pallas, 1778)		 Sri Lanka
Map of range		 Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 

Brown palm civet

 Paradoxurus jerdoni
Blanford, 1885		 Western Ghats, India
Map of range		 Size:

Habitat:

Diet:		  LC 

References

  1. ↑ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Genus Paradoxurus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 550–551. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ↑ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Veron, G.; Patou, M.-L.; Tóth, M.; Goonatilake, M.; Jennings, A. P. (2015). "How many species of Paradoxurus civets are there? New insights from India and Sri Lanka". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 53 (2): 161–174. doi:10.1111/jzs.12085.
  4. ↑ Cuvier, F. (1822). "Du genre Paradoxure et de deux espèces nouvelles qui s'y rapportent". Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. 9: 41–48.
  5. 1 2 Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Paradoxurus". The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. Mammalia. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 379–415.
  6. ↑ Ewer, R. F. (1998). The Carnivores. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8493-3.
  7. ↑ Groves, C. P.; Rajapaksha, C.; Mamemandra-Arachchi, K. (2009). "The taxonomy of the endemic golden palm civet of Sri Lanka" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155: 238–251. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00451.x. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014.
  8. ↑ Pallas, P. S. (1777). "Das Zwitterstinkthier". In Schreber, J. C. D. (ed.). Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. p. 426.
  9. ↑ Raffles, T. S. (1821). "XVII. Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection, made on account of the Honourable East India Company, in the Island of Sumatra and its Vicinity, under the Direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Tort Marlborough; with additional Notices illustrative of the Natural History of those Countries". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London: The Society. p. 239-274.
  10. ↑ Jourdan, C. (1837). "Mémoire sur quelques mammifères nouveaux". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Paris. p. 521-524.
  11. ↑ Pallas, P. S. (1778). "Der Boshond". In Schreber, J. C. D. (ed.). Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. p. 451.
  12. ↑ Blanford, W. T. (1885). "A Monograph of the Genus Paradoxurus, F. Cuvier". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 53 (4): 780–808. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1885.tb02921.x.

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