Platygonus ("flat head" in reference to the straight shape of the forehead) is an extinct genus of herbivorouspeccaries of the familyTayassuidae, endemic to North and South America from the Miocene through Pleistocene epochs (10.3 million to 11,000 years ago), existing for about 10.289 million years. P. compressus stood 2.5 feet (0.76 meters) tall.
Taxonomy
While long thought to be the sister-lineage to the Chacoan peccary based on morphological similarities, a 2017 ancient DNA study which recovered mitochondrial DNA from Platygonus found that all living peccaries are more closely related to each other than they are to Platygonus. The estimated divergence between Platygonus and all living peccaries was placed in the Miocene, around 22 million years ago.
Platygonus was named by John Lawrence LeConte in 1848 for fossils found in Pleistocene karst deposits in Illinois, which are now preserved in the Academy of National Sciences in Philadelphia.
Species
The following species of Platygonus have been described:
Most Platygonus species were similar in size to modern peccaries especially giant peccary, at around 1m (3.3ft) in body length, and had long legs, allowing them to run well. They also had a pig-like snout and long tusks that were probably used to fend off predators.
Ecology
Like modern peccaries, Platygonus is thought to have lived in herds. Their remains are particularly abundant in caves, suggesting that they regularly used them. A study on the population structure of a population of P. compressus from Bat Cave, Missouri found that they had a similar demographic structure to modern peccaries, dominated by young adults, with a progressive attenuation of older adults due to predation and old-age, up to a maximum age of around 10 years. Platygonus is thought to have consumed tough foliage like leaves and grass. Platygonus preferred warm, temperate environments, and its presence at a site in areas like the Northeastern United States is used as an indicator of interglacial conditions.
Distribution
During the Late Pleistocene, Platygonus was most common in Eastern North America, with records in the Great Plains and western North America being more sparse. In South America, Platygonus ranged from Colombia to Argentina.
↑Volz, Steven Alan. "Preliminary report on a Late Pleistocene death-trap fauna from Monroe County, Indiana". Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science: 293–307.
Fiedal, Stuart (2009). "Sudden Deaths: The Chronology of Terminal Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction". In Haynes, Gary (ed.). American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp.21–37. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8793-6_2. ISBN978-1-4020-8792-9.
Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. ISBN978-1-84028-152-1.
