Plenasium

Plenasium
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Recent
Plenasium vachellii (syn. Osmunda vachellii) in the Shing Mun Arboretum, Hong Kong
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Osmundales
Family: Osmundaceae
Genus: Plenasium
C.Presl
Type species
Plenasium banksiifolium
(Presl) Presl
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Aurealcaulis Tidwell & Parker 1987
  • ×Osmunasium Liu, Schuettpelz & H.Schneid. 2020

Plenasium is a genus of ferns in the family Osmundaceae. It is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but kept within a more broadly circumscribed genus Osmunda by other sources. The genus is known from Early Cretaceous to present.

Taxonomy

As of October 2026, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World and World Flora Online both recognize four species in Plenasium. Plants of the World Online recognizes the same species as part of a more broadly circumscribed Osmunda.

Phylogeny of Plenasium

Plenasium angustifolium (Ching) A.E.Bobrov

×Osmunasium ×mildei (Christensen) Liu, Schuettpelz & H.Schneid.

Plenasium vachellii (Hook.) C.Presl

Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl

Plenasium javanicum (Blume) C.Presl

The following fossil species are also accepted.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Hassler, Michael. "Plenasium". World Ferns. Retrieved 2026-10-20.
  2. ↑ PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. Bibcode:2016JSyEv..54..563.. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  3. 1 2 "Plenasium C.Presl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2026-10-20.
  4. 1 2 Bomfleur, Benjamin; Grimm, Guido W.; McLoughlin, Stephen (2017-07-11). "The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes". PeerJ. 5 e3433. doi:10.7717/peerj.3433. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5508817. PMID 28713650.
  5. ↑ "Plenasium C.Presl". World Flora Online. Retrieved 2026-10-20.
  6. ↑ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13 909768. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1309768N. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
  7. ↑ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261). 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  8. ↑ Hiller, P.; Böhme, M.; Schneider, S.; Prieto, J.; Bomfleur, B. (2020-04-17). "Plenasium (Aurealcaulis) elegans sp. nov. from the Eocene of Vietnam – a connecting link in the evolution of modern Royal Ferns (Osmundeae, Osmundaceae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (8): 703–715. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18..703H. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1683771. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 209573114.
  9. ↑ Cheng, Ye-Ming; Liu, Feng-Xiang; Tian, Ning; Jin, Yue-Gao; Sun, Tong-Xing (2021). "Plenasium xiei sp. nov. from the Cretaceous of Northeast China: Additional evidence for the longevity of osmundaceous ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (2): 375–387. Bibcode:2021JSyEv..59..375C. doi:10.1111/jse.12532. ISSN 1759-6831. S2CID 199634398.