November 19

November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 42 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

461 – Libius Severus is declared Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
1404 – Severe flooding occurs in the Netherlands, as 3000 hectares of land are washed away, with the flood waters also completely wiping out the towns of Ijzendijke and Hugevliet.
1421 – A major flood in the Netherlands kills between 2,000 and 10,000 people.
1493 – Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed Puerto Rico).
1806 – French troops occupy Hamburg during the Napoleonic Wars.
1816 – In Poland, Warsaw University is founded.
1819 – The Museo del Prado in Madrid opens.
1847 – The second Canadian railway line is opened between Montreal and Lachine.
1850 – Alfred Tennyson is named Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom by Queen Victoria.
1863 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
1869 – The Hudson's Bay Company sells Ruperts Land to Canada.
1881 – A meteorite lands southwest of Odesa, present–day Ukraine.
1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa officially unifies the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.
1887 – In the English Channel, Dutch ocean steamer W. A. Scholten sinks after a collision with a British freighter, killing 132 people.

1901 – 2000

1911 – The Doom Bar in Cornwall claims two ships, Island Maid and Angele, in which the entire crew, except the captain, is killed.
1912 – The five hundred–year rule of the Ottoman Empire over Macedonia is ended.
1916 – Goldwyn Pictures is founded by Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn.
1941 – World War II: The warships HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran sink each other off Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and 77 Germans.
1942 – World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – Soviet Union forces under Georgy Zhukov launch Operation Uranus counter–attacks at Stalingrad, turning the battle in the USSR's favour.
1942 – Mutesa II is crowned as the last Kabala (King) of Buganda.
1946 – Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
1950 – Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes Supreme Commander of NATO Europe.
1952 – Alexander Papagos becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
1967 – TVB is founded, as the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong.
1969 – Apollo 12 lands on the Moon. Charles Conrad and Alan LaVern Bean become the 3rd and 4th people respectively to walk on the Moon.
1969 – Brazilian footballer Pelé scores the 1,000th goal of his career.
1977 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin seeking a permanent peace settlement.
1979 – Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
1984 – Oil depot explosions in Mexico City cause a large fire, which kills around 500 people.
1985 – Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet.
1990 – Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because they did not sing at all on the Girl You Know It’s True album.
1994 – The United Kingdom's first National Lottery draw is held.
1995 – Aleksander Kwasniewski is elected President of Poland.
1996 – The case of the Port Arthur massacre comes to trial.
1998 – The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton.
1998 – Vincent van Gogh's Portrait of the Artist Without Beard sells at auction for $ 71.5 million.
1999 – The People's Republic of China launches the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft.
1999 – Russia withdraws its military from Georgia.

From 2001

2002 – The Prestige oil tanker breaks apart near the coast of Galicia, Spain, causing a large oil spill.
2010 – Twenty–nine miners are trapped after an explosion in the Pike River Mine near Greymouth in New Zealand. They are pronounced dead after a second explosion five days later.
2013 – A storm affecting Sardinia causes heavy rain, flooding and kills 18 people.
2013 – Bomb attacks in Beirut, Lebanon, kill at least 22 people.
2014 – Nicola Sturgeon becomes the 5th, and first female, First Minister of Scotland, succeeding Alex Salmond.
2016 – The German Wikipedia publishes its two–millionth article.
2017 – Talks about forming a governing coalition fail in Germany, after September's election to the Bundestag.

Births

Up to 1900

1464 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (d. 1526)
1503 – Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1547)
1563 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)
1597 – Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatine, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1660)
1600 – King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1649)
1600 – Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669)
1616 – Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (d. 1665)
1700 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French priest and physician (d. 1770)
1711 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian writer and polymath (d. 1765)
1722 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (d. 1809)
1770 – Adam Johann von Krusenstern, German–Baltic admiral of the Russian fleet (d. 1846)
1770 – Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1844)
1779 – Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1801)
1797 – René Caillié, French explorer (d. 1838)
1802 – Solomon Foot, American politician (d. 1866)
1805 – Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and businessman (d. 1894)
1805 – Edouard Drouyn de Unuys, French politician (d. 1881)
1808 – Janez Bleiweis, Slovenian journalist and politician (d. 1881)
1814 – Girolamo de Rada, Albanian–Italian writer (d. 1903)
1831 – James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (d. 1881)
1831 – José Evaristo Uriburu, President of Argentina (d. 1914)
1833 – Wilhelm Dilthey, German theologian, philosopher, psychologist and educator (d. 1911)
1843 – Richard Avenarius, German philosopher (d. 1896)
1859 – Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer and conductor (d. 1935)
1873 – Elizabeth McCombs, first female member of the New Zealand parliament (d. 1935)
1875 – Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (d. 1946)
1875 – Hiram Bingham, United States Senator and explorer (d. 1956)
1876 – Tatyana Afanasyeva, Russian–Dutch mathematician (d. 1964)
1877 – Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman and politician (d. 1947)
1879 – Mait Metsanurk, Estonian writer (d. 1957)
1887 – James B. Sumner, American chemist (d. 1955)
1888 – Jose Raul Capablanca, Cuban chess player (d. 1942)
1889 – Clifton Webb, American actor (d. 1966)
1893 – René Voisin, French classical trumpeter (d. 1952)
1894 – Américo Tomás, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1987)
1898 – Arthur R. von Hippel, German physicist (d. 2003)
1899 – Allen Tate, American poet and literary critic (d. 1979)
1900 – Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983)

1901 – 1950

1902 – Princess Mafalda of Savoy (d. 1944)
1904 – Nancy Carroll, American actress (d. 1965)
1905 – Tommy Dorsey, American musician (d. 1956)
1908 – Alan Baxter, actor (d. 1976)
1909 – Elmo Smith, Governor of Oregon (d. 1968)
1910 – Adrian Conan Doyle, English racing driver and author (d. 1970)
1912 – George Emil Palade, Romanian biologist (d. 2008)
1912 – Bernard Joseph McLaughlin, American bishop (d. 2015)
1912 – Robert Simpson, American meteorologist (d. 2014)
1914 – Mills E. Godwin, Jr., two–time Governor of Virginia (d. 1999)
1915 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist (d. 1974)
1917 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
1919 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian movie director (d. 2006)
1919 – Alan Young, British–born American actor (d. 2016)
1920 – Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991)
1921 – Roy Campanella, American baseball player (d. 1993)
1924 – Knut Steen, Norwegian sculptor (d. 2011)
1925 – Zygmunt Bauman, Polish–British sociologist (d. 2017)
1925 – John Gordon, English author (d. 2017)
1926 – Jeane Kirkpatrick, 16th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2006)
1928 – Dara Singh, Indian actor and bodybuilder (d. 2012)
1930 – Kurt Nielsen, Danish tennis player (d. 2011)
1930 – Christian Schwarz-Schilling, German politician
1932 – Eleanor F. Helin, American astronomer (d. 2009)
1932 – Jerry Sheindlin, American judge and author
1933 – Larry King, American television personality (d. 2021)
1934 – Valentin Kozmich Ivanov, Russian footballer (d. 2011)
1934 – Kurt Hamrin, Swedish footballer
1934 – David Lloyd Jones, English conductor
1935 – Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian biochemist and computer scientist (d. 1990)
1936 – Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese chemist
1936 – Dick Cavett, American talkshow host
1936 – Wolfgang Jeschke, German science fiction writer (d. 2015)
1937 – Tamara Bunke, German–Argentine revolutionary (d. 1967)
1938 – Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer–songwriter and record producer (d. 2017)
1938 – Hank Medress, American singer (The Tokens) (d. 2007)
1938 – Ted Turner, American businessman
1939 – Emil Constantinescu, 3rd President of Romania
1939 – Tom Harkin, American politician
1939 – Garrick Utley, American broadcast journalist (d. 2014)
1941 – Tommy Thompson, American politician, 42nd Governor of Wisconsin
1941 – Dan Haggerty, American actor (d. 2016)
1942 – Sharon Olds, American poet
1942 – Calvin Klein, American clothing designer
1943 – Aurelio Monteagudo, Cuban baseball player
1943 – Fred Lipsius, American musician
1944 – Klaus Fichtel, German footballer
1944 – Agnes Baltsa, Greek singer
1945 – Hans Monderman, Dutch road traffic engineer (d. 2008)
1947 – Bob Boone, American baseball player and manager
1947 – Anfinn Kallsberg, 10th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
1947 – Lamar S. Smith, American politician
1949 – Raymond Blanc, French chef

1951 – 1975

1951 – Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, British politician
1951 – Mihai Ghimpu, Moldovan politician, former Interim President of Moldova
1953 – Robert Beltran, American actor
1954 – Kathleen Quinlan, American actress
1954 – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, 6th President of Egypt
1955 – Glynnis O'Connor, American actress
1956 – Eileen Collins, American astronaut
1956 – Ann Curry, American broadcast journalist
1956 – Jim Hodges, former Governor of South Carolina
1956 – Peter Carter, English diplomat (d. 2014)
1957 – Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (d. 2000)
1957 – Joel Goldsmith, American composer (d. 2012)
1957 – Tom Virtue, American actor
1958 – Terrence Carson, American actor
1958 – Algirdas Butkevicius, 12th Prime Minister of Lithuania
1959 – Jo Bonner, American politician
1959 – Allison Janney, American actress
1960 – Matt Sorum, American musician
1960 – Miss Elizabeth, American professional wrestling promoter (d. 2003)
1961 – Meg Ryan, American actress
1962 – Jodie Foster, American actress
1962 – Sean Parnell, American politician, 12th Governor of Alaska
1964 – Petr Necas, 9th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
1965 – Laurent Blanc, French footballer
1965 – Gary Ablett, English footballer (d. 2012)
1965 – Douglas Henshall, Scottish actor
1966 – Kakhaber Kacharava, Georgian footballer
1966 – Gail Devers, American athlete
1966 – Jason Scott Lee, American actor
1967 – Dhafer Youssef, Tunisian jazz musician
1971 – Naoko Mori, Japanese–English actress and singer
1974 – Arun Vijay, Indian movie actor
1975 – Sushmita Sen, Indian beauty queen and actress

From 1976

1976 – Robin Dunne, Canadian actor
1976 – Jack Dorsey, American founder of Twitter
1977 – Mette Frederiksen, Danish politician, Prime Minister of Denmark
1977 – Kerri Strug, American gymnast
1979 – Ryan Howard, American baseball player
1980 – Adele Silva, English actress
1980 – Vladimir Radmanovic, Serbian basketball player
1980 – Andrew Copson, Chief Executive of the Humanists UK
1980 – Yipsi Moreno, Cuban hammer thrower
1981 – Marcus Banks, American basketball player
1983 – Chandra Crawford, Canadian cross–country skier
1983 – Meseret Defar, Ethiopian runner
1984 – Jorge Fucile, Uruguayan footballer
1984 – Brittany Maynard, American assisted suicide activist (d. 2014)
1985 – Chris Eagles, English footballer
1986 – Milan Smiljanic, Serbian footballer
1986 – Jeannie Ortega, American actress, dancer and songwriter
1986 – Dayron Robles, Cuban athlete
1986 – Hovi Star, Israeli singer
1987 – Feng Zhe, Chinese gymnast
1988 – Xavier Barachet, French handball player
1988 – Patrick Kane, American NHL ice hockey right winger for the Chicago Blackhawks
1989 – Roman Sergeyevich Trofimov, Russian ski jumper
1989 – Tyga, American rapper
1992 – Tove Styrke, Swedish singer-songwriter
1993 – Suso, Spanish footballer
1994 – Ibrahima Mbaye, Senegalese footballer
1997 – McCaughey septuplets
1999 – Evgenia Medvedeva, Russian figure skater
2002 – Gaia Cauchi, Maltese singer

Deaths

Up to 1900

496 – Pope Gelasius I
498 – Pope Anastasius II
1478 – Emperor Baeda Maryam of Ethiopia (b. 1448)
1481 – Anne Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (b. 1472)
1492 – Jami, Persian poet (b. 1414)
1557 – Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland (b. 1494)
1577 – Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese Shogun (b. 1510)
1581 – Ivan Ivanovich, son of Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1554)
1665 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594)
1703 – The Man in the Iron Mask, French prisoner whose identity is unknown
1772 – William Nelson, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1711)
1785 – Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720)
1798 – Wolfe Tone, Irish general (b. 1763)
1804 – Pietro Guglielmi, Italian composer (b. 1728)
1822 – Johann Georg Tralles, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1763)
1828 – Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (b. 1797)
1850 – Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
1863 – John O'Meally, Australian bushranger (b. 1841)
1883 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German–English engineer (b. 1823)
1887 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1849)

1901 – 2000

1918 – Joseph F. Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1838)
1924 – Thomas H. Ince, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1882)
1931 – Xu Zhimo, Chinese poet (b. 1897)
1938 – Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (b. 1866)
1943 – Miyagiyama Fukumatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1895)
1958 – Vittorio Ambrosio, Italian general (b. 1879)
1959 – Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (b. 1892)
1962 – Grigol Robakidze, Georgian writer (b. 1882)
1963 – Carmen Amaya, Spanish dancer and singer (b. 1918)
1970 – Andrey Yeryomenko, Soviet–Russian military (b. 1892)
1975 – Roger D. Branigan, 42nd Governor of Indiana (b. 1902)
1976 – Basil Spence, English architect (b. 1907)
1983 – Tom Evans, English musician (b. 1947)
1988 – Christina Onassis, American–Greek businesswoman (b. 1950)
1990 – Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (b. 1900)
1992 – Bobby Russell, American songwriter (b. 1941)
1992 – Diane Varsi, American actress (b. 1938)
1998 – Alan J. Pakula, American director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1928)

From 2001

2004 – John Vane, English pharmacologist (b. 1927)
2004 – Piet Esser, Dutch sculptor (b. 1914)
2005 – Erik Balling, Danish movie director (b. 1924)
2011 – Basil D'Oliveira, South African–born English cricketer (b. 1931)
2012 – Pete LaRoca, American jazz musician (b. 1938)
2012 – Boris Strugatsky, Russian author (b. 1923)
2013 – Frederick Sanger, British biochemist, two–time Nobel Prize winner (b. 1918)
2014 – Otieno Kajwang, Kenyan politician (b. 1959)
2014 – Gholam Hossein Mazloumi, Iranian footballer (b. 1950)
2014 – Mike Nichols, German–born American television, stage and movie director (b. 1931)
2014 – Richard A. Jensen, American theologian (b. 1934)
2015 – Armand, Dutch protest singer (b. 1946)
2015 – Allen E. Ertel, American politician (b. 1937)
2017 – Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo, Italian cardinal (b. 1925)
2017 – Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme, Vice president of Nigeria (b. 1932)
2017 – Fernando Matthei, Chilean air force general (b. 1925)
2017 – Warren "Pete" Moore, American singer–songwriter and record producer (b. 1938)
2017 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player (b. 1968)
2017 – Della Reese, American actress and singer (b. 1931)
2017 – Tai Chen-yao, Taiwanese politician (b. 1948)
2017 – Mel Tillis, American country singer (b. 1932)
2017 – Charles Manson, American cult leader (b. 1934)
2018 – Apisai Ielemia, 10th Prime minister of Tuvalu (b. 1955)
2018 – Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician (b. 1937)
2019 – José Mário Branco, Portuguese singer–songwriter, actor and record producer (b. 1942)
2019 – Purita Campos, Spanish cartoonist, illustrator and painter (b. 1937)
2019 – Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, British politician and businessman (b. 1923)
2019 – D. M. Jayaratne, Sri Lankan politician, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1931)
2019 – Tom Lyle, American comics artist and illustrator (b. 1953)
2019 – Fazlollah Reza, Iranian politician (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances

Brazil – Flag Day
Mali – Liberation Day
Puerto Rico – Discovery of Puerto Rico (1493)
Norway – The Liberation of the Sámi of the coast
Monaco – National holiday
International Men's Day
World Toilet Day (See also: World Toilet Organization)