List of governors of Iowa

Governor of Iowa
State seal
Incumbent
Kim Reynolds
since May 24, 2017
Government of Iowa
StyleThe Honorable
ResidenceTerrace Hill
Term length
  • Four years, no term limits
PrecursorGovernor of Iowa Territory
Inaugural holderAnsel Briggs
FormationDecember 3, 1846
(179 years ago) (1846-12-03)
SuccessionLine of succession
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Iowa
Salary$130,000 (2022)
Websitegovernor.iowa.gov

The governor of Iowa is the head of government of the U.S. state of Iowa. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the state government. The officeholder has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Iowa General Assembly, to convene the legislature, as well as to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment. The governor of Iowa is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has the ability to sign executive orders, these have ranged from topics including the establishment of councils, committees and task forces, and appropriation reductions to prevent a state budget deficit.

There have been 41 individuals who held the position of Iowa governor, with two of those serving multiple distinct terms, Samuel J. Kirkwood and Terry Branstad. The current governor, Kim Reynolds, is the first woman to hold the position and was sworn in on May 24, 2017. The longest-serving is Terry Branstad, who served from 1983 to 1999 and then again from 2011 to 2017. He is the longest-serving governor in U.S. history, surpassing the previous record of 21 years set by George Clinton of New York. The shortest-serving was Robert D. Fulton, who served 16 days.

List of governors

Territory of Iowa

Iowa Territory was formed on July 4, 1838, from Wisconsin Territory. It had four governors appointed by the president of the United States, though the first resigned days after he was confirmed by the Senate and before ever reaching the territory.

Governors of the Territory of Iowa
No. Governor Term in office Appointed by
1 Henry Atkinson
(1782–1842)		 June 13, 1838
–
July 7, 1838
(25 days; resigned
before taking office)		 Martin Van Buren
2 Robert Lucas
(1781–1853)
 July 7, 1838
–
March 25, 1841
(993 days; replaced)		 Martin Van Buren
3 John Chambers
(1780–1852)
 March 25, 1841
–
November 18, 1845
(1700 days; replaced)		 William Henry Harrison
4 James Clarke
(1812–1850)
 November 8, 1845
–
December 3, 1846
(381 days; statehood)		 James K. Polk

State of Iowa

The southeast portion of Iowa Territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Iowa on December 28, 1846. The first Constitution of Iowa, adopted in 1846, created the office of governor with a four-year term, with no specific start date. The 1857 constitution reduced this term to two years, but an amendment in 1972 increased this back to four years. The 1857 constitution also set the start of the term to the second Monday in the January following the election, which was moved one day later by a 1988 amendment.

The office of lieutenant governor was created in the 1857 constitution, elected for the same term as the governor. An amendment in 1988 specified that the lieutenant governor would be elected on the same ticket as the governor. Originally, if the office of governor were to become vacant, the Secretary of State of Iowa would act as governor,, and in 1857 this became the duty of the lieutenant governor. An amendment was passed in 2024 making it so that the lieutenant governor becomes governor, not simply acts, in such circumstances. There is no term limit on the number of terms a governor may serve.

Governors of the State of Iowa
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor
1 Ansel Briggs
(1806–1881)
 December 3, 1846
–
December 4, 1850
(1463 days; retired)		 Democratic 1846 Office did not exist
2 Stephen P. Hempstead
(1812–1883)
 December 4, 1850
–
December 9, 1854
(1467 days; retired)		 Democratic 1850
3 James W. Grimes
(1816–1872)
 December 9, 1854
–
January 14, 1858
(1133 days; retired)		 Whig 1854
4 Ralph P. Lowe
(1805–1883)
 January 14, 1858
–
January 11, 1860
(728 days; retired)		 Republican 1857 Oran Faville
5 Samuel J. Kirkwood
(1813–1894)
 January 11, 1860
–
January 14, 1864
(1465 days; retired)		 Republican 1859 Nicholas J. Rusch
1861 John R. Needham
6 William M. Stone
(1827–1893)
 January 14, 1864
–
January 16, 1868
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1863 Enoch W. Eastman
1865 Benjamin F. Gue
7 Samuel Merrill
(1822–1899)
 January 16, 1868
–
January 11, 1872
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican 1867 John Scott
1869 Madison Miner Walden
(resigned 1871)
Vacant
Henry C. Bulis
(appointed September 13, 1871)
8 Cyrus C. Carpenter
(1829–1898)
 January 11, 1872
–
January 13, 1876
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1871
1873 Joseph Dysart
9 Samuel J. Kirkwood
(1813–1894)
 January 13, 1876
–
February 1, 1877
(386 days; resigned)		 Republican 1875 Joshua G. Newbold
10 Joshua G. Newbold
(1830–1903)
 February 1, 1877
–
January 17, 1878
(351 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
11 John H. Gear
(1825–1900)
 January 17, 1878
–
January 12, 1882
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican 1877 Frank T. Campbell
1879
12 Buren R. Sherman
(1836–1904)
 January 12, 1882
–
January 14, 1886
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1881 Orlando H. Manning
1883
13 William Larrabee
(1832–1912)
 January 14, 1886
–
February 27, 1890
(1506 days; retired)		 Republican 1885 John A. T. Hull
1887
14 Horace Boies
(1827–1923)
 February 27, 1890
–
January 11, 1894
(1415 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1889 Alfred N. Poyneer
1891 Samuel L. Bestow
15 Frank D. Jackson
(1854–1938)
 January 11, 1894
–
January 16, 1896
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1893 Warren S. Dungan
16 Francis M. Drake
(1830–1903)
 January 16, 1896
–
January 13, 1898
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1895 Matt Parrott
17 L. M. Shaw
(1848–1932)
 January 13, 1898
–
January 16, 1902
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1897 James C. Milliman
1899
18 Albert B. Cummins
(1850–1926)
 January 16, 1902
–
November 24, 1908
(2505 days; resigned)		 Republican 1901 John Herriott
1903
1906 Warren Garst
19 Warren Garst
(1850–1924)
 November 24, 1908
–
January 14, 1909
(52 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
20 Beryl F. Carroll
(1860–1939)
 January 14, 1909
–
January 16, 1913
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1908 George W. Clarke
1910
21 George W. Clarke
(1852–1936)
 January 16, 1913
–
January 11, 1917
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican 1912 William L. Harding
1914
22 William L. Harding
(1877–1934)
 January 11, 1917
–
January 13, 1921
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1916 Ernest Robert Moore
1918
23 Nathan E. Kendall
(1868–1936)
 January 13, 1921
–
January 15, 1925
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1920 John Hammill
1922
24 John Hammill
(1875–1936)
 January 15, 1925
–
January 15, 1931
(2192 days; retired)		 Republican 1924 Clem F. Kimball
(died September 10, 1928)
1926
Vacant
Arch W. McFarlane
(appointed November 15, 1928)
1928
25 Dan W. Turner
(1877–1969)
 January 15, 1931
–
January 12, 1933
(729 days; lost election)		 Republican 1930
26 Clyde L. Herring
(1879–1945)
 January 12, 1933
–
January 14, 1937
(1464 days; retired)		 Democratic 1932 Nelson G. Kraschel
1934
27 Nelson G. Kraschel
(1889–1957)
 January 14, 1937
–
January 12, 1939
(729 days; lost election)		 Democratic 1936 John K. Valentine
28 George A. Wilson
(1884–1953)
 January 12, 1939
–
January 14, 1943
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1938 Bourke B. Hickenlooper
1940
29 Bourke B. Hickenlooper
(1896–1971)
 January 14, 1943
–
January 11, 1945
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1942 Robert D. Blue
30 Robert D. Blue
(1898–1989)
 January 11, 1945
–
January 13, 1949
(1464 days;
retired)		 Republican 1944 Kenneth A. Evans
1946
31 William S. Beardsley
(1901–1954)
 January 13, 1949
–
November 21, 1954
(2139 days; died in office)		 Republican 1948
1950 William H. Nicholas
1952 Leo Elthon
32 Leo Elthon
(1898–1967)
 November 21, 1954
–
January 13, 1955
(54 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
33 Leo Hoegh
(1908–2000)
 January 13, 1955
–
January 17, 1957
(736 days; lost election)		 Republican 1954 Leo Elthon
34 Herschel C. Loveless
(1911–1989)
 January 17, 1957
–
January 12, 1961
(1457 days; retired)		 Democratic 1956 William H. Nicholas
1958 Edward J. McManus
35 Norman A. Erbe
(1919–2000)
 January 12, 1961
–
January 17, 1963
(736 days; lost election)		 Republican 1960 W. L. Mooty
36 Harold Hughes
(1922–1996)
 January 17, 1963
–
January 1, 1969
(2177 days; resigned)		 Democratic 1962
1964 Robert D. Fulton
1966
37 Robert D. Fulton
(1929–2024)
 January 1, 1969
–
January 16, 1969
(16 days; retired)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
38 Robert D. Ray
(1928–2018)
 January 16, 1969
–
January 14, 1983
(5112 days; retired)		 Republican 1968 Roger Jepsen
1970
1972 Arthur Neu
1974
1978 Terry Branstad
39 Terry Branstad
(b. 1946)
 January 14, 1983
–
January 15, 1999
(5846 days; retired)		 Republican 1982 Robert T. Anderson
1986 Jo Ann Zimmerman
1990 Joy Corning
1994
40 Tom Vilsack
(b. 1950)
 January 15, 1999
–
January 12, 2007
(2920 days; retired)		 Democratic 1998 Sally Pederson
2002
41 Chet Culver
(b. 1966)
 January 12, 2007
–
January 14, 2011
(1464 days; lost election)		 Democratic 2006 Patty Judge
42 Terry Branstad
(b. 1946)
 January 14, 2011
–
May 24, 2017
(2323 days; resigned)		 Republican 2010 Kim Reynolds
2014
43 Kim Reynolds
(b. 1959)
 May 24, 2017
–
Incumbent
(in office 3463 days)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
Adam Gregg
(appointed May 25, 2017)
(resigned September 3, 2024)
2018
2022
Vacant
Chris Cournoyer
(appointed December 16, 2024)
44 Rob Sand
(b. 1982)		 Governor-elect
takes office
January 15, 2027		 Democratic 2026 Dave Muhlbauer

Timeline

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  2. ↑ Atkinson was nominated on June 12, 1838, and confirmed by the Senate on June 13. However, he declined the post; no source gives a date for when this happened, so his term is marked as having ended when his successor was confirmed.
  3. ↑ Lucas did not arrive for six weeks after the territory had been created; in the interim, territorial secretary William B. Conway acted as governor.
  4. ↑ Lucas was nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, on July 7, 1838. He took office on August 15.
  5. ↑ Lucas was out of the capital when Chambers arrived, and did not formally resign his commission until June 17, per a letter written to U.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster.
  6. ↑ Chambers was appointed on March 25, 1841, during a Senate recess; nominated on June 17; and confirmed by the Senate on July 15. He took office on May 13. He was reappointed on July 2, 1844, during a Senate recess, and reconfirmed by the Senate on December 23.
  7. ↑ Clarke was appointed during a Senate recess; McMullin says it was on November 8, 1845, but some sources say November 18. He was formally nominated on December 23, 1845, and confirmed by the Senate on February 3, 1846.
  8. ↑ There is no official numbering, and different governors have interpreted it differently, depending on if they give a new number when a governor has multiple distinct terms in office. This article includes numbering for every distinct term in office.
  9. ↑ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1857.
  10. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  11. ↑ Hempstead instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives.
  12. ↑ The election schedule changed with this term, switching to odd-numbered years and shortening the term by nearly a year.
  13. ↑ Lowe was instead elected to the Iowa Supreme Court.
  14. ↑ First term under the 1857 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.
  15. ↑ No source appears to know which date Walden resigned, just that it was after being elected to the United States House of Representatives for a term beginning March 4.
  16. ↑ Kirkwood resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  17. 1 2 Boies' inauguration was delayed for six weeks; the legislature was deadlocked in organizing itself, so Larrabee remained in office until Boies was certified.
  18. 1 2 Represented the Republican Party
  19. ↑ Cummins resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate; Cummins had already lost the Republican nomination for governor to Beryl F. Carroll.
  20. ↑ The election schedule switched to even-numbered years after this election, which lengthened this term by nearly a year.
  21. ↑ Hamill instead ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate.
  22. ↑ Herring was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  23. ↑ Wilson was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  24. ↑ Hickenlooper was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  25. ↑ Loveless instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.
  26. 1 2 3 Represented the Democratic Party
  27. ↑ Hughes resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  28. ↑ First term under a 1972 constitutional amendment which lengthened terms to four years.
  29. ↑ Branstad resigned, having been confirmed as United States Ambassador to China.
  30. ↑ Reynolds' second full term began on January 13, 2023, and will expire on January 15, 2027; she is not seeking reelection.

References

  1. ↑ "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries". Council of State Governments. Archived from the original on September 29, 2026. Retrieved October 5, 2026.
  2. 1 2 Iowa Const., art. IV].
  3. ↑ Iowa Const., art. III, § 16.
  4. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 25th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 131 – via HathiTrust.
  5. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 25th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 133 – via HathiTrust.
  6. 1 2 3 McMullin 1984, p. 155.
  7. ↑ Shambaugh, Benjamin F., ed. (1903). The Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of Iowa. Vol. 1. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 208 – via Google Books.
  8. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 25th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 145 – via HathiTrust.
  9. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 25th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 153 – via HathiTrust.
  10. ↑ Executive Journal of Iowa 1838–1841, Governor Robert Lucas. State Historical Society of Iowa. 1906. pp. 277–279 – via Internet Archive.
  11. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 157–158.
  12. 1 2 McMullin 1984, p. 157.
  13. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 27th Cong., 1st sess. p. 386 – via HathiTrust.
  14. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 27th Cong., 1st sess. p. 406 – via HathiTrust.
  15. ↑ The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 13.
  16. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 28th Cong., 2nd sess. p. 364 – via HathiTrust.
  17. ↑ McMullin 1984, pp. 158–160.
  18. ↑ McMullin 1984, p. 159.
  19. ↑ Gue, Benjamin F. (1903). History of Iowa vol. 4: Iowa Biography. Century History Company. p. 52.
  20. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 29th Cong., 1st sess. p. 10 – via HathiTrust.
  21. ↑ United States Senate. Senate Executive Journal, 29th Cong., 1st sess. p. 41 – via HathiTrust.
  22. ↑ Iowa Const., 1846 art. V, § 2.
  23. 1 2 Iowa Const., 1857 art. IV, § 2.
  24. 1 2 Iowa Const., 1972 art. IV, § 2.
  25. ↑ Iowa Const., 1857 art. IV, § 15.
  26. ↑ Iowa Const., 1988 art. IV, § 15.
  27. 1 2 Iowa Const., 1857 art. IV, § 3.
  28. ↑ Iowa Const., 1988 art. IV, § 3.
  29. ↑ Iowa Const., 1846 art. V, § 18.
  30. ↑ Iowa Const., 1857 art. IV, § 17.
  31. ↑ Iowa Const., 2024 art. IV, § 17.
  32. ↑ Hennigan, Gregg (November 5, 2010). "No 41st Governor for Iowa?". The Gazette. Archived from the original on November 11, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  33. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 429.
  34. ↑ "Ansel Briggs". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  35. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1846 sess. p. 33 – via HathiTrust.
  36. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 65.
  37. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 429–430.
  38. ↑ "Stephen Hempstead". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  39. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1850 sess. p. 35 – via HathiTrust.
  40. ↑ "Hempstead, Stephen P." Biographical Directory of Iowa. Archived from the original on June 11, 2026. Retrieved October 25, 2026.
  41. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 430–431.
  42. ↑ "James Wilson Grimes". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 17, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  43. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1854 sess. p. 42 – via HathiTrust.
  44. 1 2 Dubin 2003, p. 66.
  45. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 431.
  46. ↑ "Ralph Phillips Lowe". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  47. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1858 sess. p. 47 – via HathiTrust.
  48. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 432–433.
  49. 1 2 3 "Samuel Jordan Kirkwood". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  50. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1860 sess. p. 51 – via HathiTrust.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Kallenbach 1977, p. 181.
  52. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 433.
  53. ↑ "William Milo Stone". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 9, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  54. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1864 sess. p. 42 – via HathiTrust.
  55. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 434.
  56. ↑ "Samuel Merrill". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  57. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1868 sess. p. 46 – via HathiTrust.
  58. ↑ United States Congress. "Walden, Madison Miner (id: W000034)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  59. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 434–435.
  60. ↑ "Cyrus Clay Carpenter". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  61. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1872 sess. p. 54 – via HathiTrust.
  62. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1876 sess. p. 25 – via HathiTrust.
  63. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 435–436.
  64. ↑ "Joshua G. Newbold". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  65. ↑ "none". The Waterloo Courier. February 7, 1877. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Last Thursday, at half past ten a.m., Lieut. Governor Newbold became full fledged Governor of Iowa by taking the oath as prescribed by the Constitution.
  66. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 436–437.
  67. ↑ "John Henry Gear". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  68. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1878 sess. p. 24 – via HathiTrust.
  69. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 437–438.
  70. ↑ "Buren Robinson Sherman". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  71. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1882 sess. p. 20 – via HathiTrust.
  72. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 438–439.
  73. ↑ "William Larrabee". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 5, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  74. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1886 sess. p. 33 – via HathiTrust.
  75. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 439–440.
  76. ↑ "Horace Boies". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 17, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  77. ↑ "A Democratic Ruler". Sioux City Journal. February 28, 1890. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 27, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  78. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 440.
  79. ↑ "Frank Darr Jackson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 12, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  80. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1894 sess. p. 29 – via HathiTrust.
  81. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 440–441.
  82. ↑ "Francis Marion Drake". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 13, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  83. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1896 sess. p. 33 – via HathiTrust.
  84. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 441–442.
  85. ↑ "Leslie Mortier Shaw". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 18, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  86. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1898 sess. p. 102 – via HathiTrust.
  87. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 442–443.
  88. 1 2 "Albert Baird Cummins". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  89. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1902 sess. p. 53 – via HathiTrust.
  90. ↑ "Warren Garst". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  91. ↑ "Garst Takes Oath As Iowa Governor". The Register and Leader. November 25, 1908. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  92. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 443.
  93. ↑ "Beryl Franklin Carroll". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  94. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1909 sess. p. 49 – via HathiTrust.
  95. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 443–444.
  96. ↑ "George Washington Clarke". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  97. ↑ "New Regime Takes Hold at Capital". The Register and Leader. January 17, 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 444.
  99. ↑ "William Lloyd Harding". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 22, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  100. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1917 sess. p. 117 – via HathiTrust.
  101. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 445.
  102. ↑ "Nathan Edward Kendall". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  103. ↑ "Kendall Takes Oath of Office". Davenport Democrat. January 13, 1921. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  104. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 445–446.
  105. ↑ "John Hammill". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 21, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  106. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1925 sess. p. 71 – via HathiTrust.
  107. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 446.
  108. ↑ "Daniel Webster Turner". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 21, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  109. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1931 sess. p. 93 – via HathiTrust.
  110. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 446–447.
  111. ↑ "Clyde Laverne Herring". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  112. ↑ "Herring Takes Oath As 26th Governor of State". Iowa City Press-Citizen. Associated Press. January 12, 1933. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  113. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 447.
  114. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 447–448.
  115. ↑ "Nelson George Kraschel". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  116. ↑ "Government Changes Urged". Sioux City Journal. Associated Press. January 15, 1937. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  117. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 448.
  118. ↑ "George Allison Wilson". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 7, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  119. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1939 sess. p. 55 – via HathiTrust.
  120. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kallenbach 1977, p. 182.
  121. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 448–449.
  122. ↑ "Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on August 18, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  123. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1943 sess. p. 48 – via HathiTrust.
  124. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 449.
  125. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 449–450.
  126. ↑ "Robert Donald Blue". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  127. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1945 sess. p. 49 – via HathiTrust.
  128. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 450.
  129. ↑ "William S. Beardsley". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 19, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  130. ↑ Mills, George (January 14, 1949). "Both Parties Laud Speech of Beardsley". The Des Moines Register. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  131. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 450–451.
  132. ↑ "Leo Elthon". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  133. ↑ Mills, George (November 22, 1954). "Crash Kills Beardsley; Car Hits Rear of Truck Near D. M.; Elthon Is Governor; Will Serve 2 Months As Iowa's Chief". The Des Moines Register. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  134. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 451.
  135. ↑ "Leo Arthur Hoegh". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  136. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1955 sess. p. 52 – via HathiTrust.
  137. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 452.
  138. ↑ "Herschel C. Loveless". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 13, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  139. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa House of Representatives, 1957 sess. p. 57 – via HathiTrust.
  140. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 452–453.
  141. ↑ "Norman Arthur Erbe". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 16, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  142. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1961 sess. p. 48 – via HathiTrust.
  143. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 453.
  144. 1 2 "Harold Everett Hughes". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 7, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  145. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1963 sess. p. 46 – via HathiTrust.
  146. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 454.
  147. ↑ "Robert David Fulton". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on June 6, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  148. ↑ Mabry, Drake (January 2, 1969). "Governor's Oath to Fulton". Des Moines Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  149. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 454–455.
  150. ↑ "Robert D. Ray". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on April 10, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  151. ↑ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Iowa Senate, 1969 sess. p. 62 – via HathiTrust.
  152. ↑ Mullaney 1994, pp. 130–133.
  153. 1 2 3 4 "Terry E. Branstad". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 18, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  154. ↑ Yepsen, David; Knudson, Dewey; Witosky, Tom (January 15, 1983). "New Governor Calls for Action on Social Programs, Education". The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  155. 1 2 "Thomas J. Vilsack". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on March 14, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  156. ↑ Yepsen, David (January 16, 1999). "Vilsack's Inaugural Address Stresses Importance of Iowa's Children". The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  157. 1 2 "Chet Culver". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 21, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  158. ↑ Beaumont, Thomas (January 13, 2007). "State Needs To Lead the Nation in Renewable Energy, He Says". The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  159. ↑ Beaumont, Thomas (January 15, 2011). "New Era Dawns for Branstad". The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  160. ↑ Pfannenstiel, Brianne (May 24, 2017). "Branstad resigns governorship, takes office as U.S. Ambassador to China". The Des Moines Register. Retrieved October 25, 2026.
  161. 1 2 "Kim Reynolds". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on July 1, 2026. Retrieved October 22, 2026.
  162. ↑ Noble, Jason (May 25, 2017). "State's 43rd Chief Executive Completes Her Historic Ascent". The Des Moines Register. p. 1A. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  163. ↑ Gruber-Miller, Stephen (January 13, 2023). "Kim Reynolds has been sworn in for a second 4-year term as governor. Here's what to know:". The Des Moines Register. Retrieved October 25, 2026.
  164. ↑ Goldmacher, Shane (April 11, 2025). "Gov. Kim Reynolds of Iowa Won't Seek Re-election, Setting Up Open Race". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2025. Retrieved April 12, 2025.

Bibliography