| Lingling | |
|---|---|
| Linghua | |
| liŋ55 va33 | |
| Pronunciation | [liŋ˥ va˧] |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Guangxi |
| Ethnicity | Miao |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1991)[citation needed] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
Lingling (Chinese: Linghua 伶话 Línghuà or Lingling hua; Lingling: liŋ˥ va˧) is an unclassified mixed Chinese language. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic Miao in Longsheng County, Guangxi. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, Southwestern Mandarin is spoken.
He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping (太平村), Pingdeng Township (平等乡), Longsheng County, Guangxi.
A description of the Taipingtang 太平塘村 dialect of Linghua can be found in Wang (2014).
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lateral | ||||||
| Plosive/Affricate | plain | p | t | tɬ | tʂ | tɕ | k |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tɬʰ | tʂʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | |
| voiced | b | d | dl | dʑ | g | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Fricative | f | s | ɬ | ɕ | h | ||
| Approximant | w | l | |||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | y | u | |
| Mid | ə | ɔ | ||
| Open | a | |||
| Tone category | Tone value |
|---|---|
| A1 | ˥ (5) |
| A2 | ˨ (2) |
| B1 | ˧ (3) |
| B2 | ˦ (4) |
| C | ˦ (4) |
| D | ˨ (2) |
This section lists sample vocabulary in Linghua from Wang (2014). Translated English glosses have also been provided.
| sg. | pl. | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ŋa˧ | ŋai˧ |
| 2nd person | ŋ̍˧ | ŋ̍˧liɛ˥ |
| 3rd person | tʰa˥, i˥ | i˥liɛ˥ |
| Numeral | Linghua |
|---|---|
| 1 | i˨ |
| 2 | ni˦ |
| 3 | ɬa˥ |
| 4 | ɬi˦ |
| 5 | ŋ̍˧ |
| 6 | liu˨ |
| 7 | tɬʰi˨ |
| 8 | pia˨ |
| 9 | tɕiu˧ |
| 10 | dl̩˨ |
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua |
|---|---|---|
| 天 | sky | tʰiɛ˥ |
| 太阳 | sun | ni˨dau˨/˥ |
| 月亮 | moon | wei˨liɔ˦ |
| 星星 | star | ɬiɛ˥liɛ˧ |
| 云 | cloud | uŋ˨wu˦ |
| 雨 | rain | u˧ |
| 风 | wind | puŋ˥ |
| 山 | mountain | ɬai˥ |
| 田 | field | diɛ˨ |
| Chinese gloss | English gloss | Linghua |
|---|---|---|
| 头 | head | dau˨ |
| 头发 | hair (of head) | dau˨pei˨/˥ |
| 脸 | face | miɛ˦ |
| 耳朵 | ear | niɛ˧tɔ˧ |
| 眼睛 | eye | ŋai˧tɬiɛ˥ |
| 鼻子 | nose | bi˨haŋ˧ |
| 嘴 | mouth | hau˧ |
| 舌头 | tongue | iɛ˨liɛ˧ |
| 牙齿 | tooth | ŋa˨tɬʰl̩˧ |
| 脖子 | neck | tɕiɛ˧kuai˧ |
| 肩 | shoulder | kai˥dau˨ |
| 脊背 | back | pei˦ |
| 手 | hand | ɕiu˧ |
| 脚 | leg, foot | tɕiɔ˨ |
| 心 | heart | ɬiŋ˥ |
| 肉 | meat, flesh | nai˦ |
| 皮 | skin | bi˨ |
| 骨头 | bone | gy˧ |
| 左 | left (side) | tɬɔ˧ |
| 右 | right (side) | iu˦ |