Albula vulpes

Albula vulpes
Stato di conservazione
	Prossimo alla minaccia (nt)
Classificazione scientifica
Dominio	Eukaryota
Regno	Animalia
Sottoregno	Eumetazoa
Superphylum	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata
Subphylum	Vertebrata
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclasse	Osteichthyes
Classe	Actinopterygii
Sottoclasse	Neopterygii
Infraclasse	Teleostei
Superordine	Elopomorpha
Ordine	Albuliformes
Famiglia	Albulidae
Genere	Albula
Specie	A. vulpes
Nomenclatura binomiale
	Albula vulpes; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sinonimi
	Albula conorynchus; Bloch & Schneider, 1801; Albula lacustris Walbaum, 1792; Albula parrae Valenciennes, 1847; Albula plumieri; Bloch & Schneider, 1801; Albula rostrata Gray, 1854; Amia immaculata; Bloch & Schneider, 1801; Butyrinus bananus; Lacepède, 1803; Clupea brasiliensis; Bloch & Schneider, 1801; Clupea macrocephala; Lacepède, 1803; Engraulis bahiensis Spix, 1829; Engraulis sericus Spix, 1829; Esox vulpes Linnaeus, 1758; Esunculus costai Kaup, 1856; Glossodus forskalii; Spix & Agassiz, 1829;
Nomi comuni
	Bonefish (English); Banane de mer (French); Альбула (Russian); Macabí (Spanish); Pesce signora; Volpe biancastra

Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), tarpone, noto in inglese con il nome di bonefish, è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua salmastra della famiglia Albulidae.

Descrizione

È un pesce affusolato con testa grande con muso allungato sulla cui parte inferiore si apre la bocca, piuttosto piccola. La pinna caudale è grande e profondamente forcuta, il peduncolo caudale è abbastanza sottile. Le pinne non presentano raggi spinosi ma solo molli: la pinna dorsale e la pinna anale sono brevi, l'anale è posta molto indietro, a ridosso del peduncolo caudale. Le pinne ventrali sono anch'esse inserite molto posteriormente, sotto la pinna dorsale; le pinne pettorali sono inserite in basso, in prossimità del profilo ventrale.

Il colore è argenteo con linee scure longitudinali simili a quelle del comune cefalo.

La taglia raggiunge il metro per 10 kg di peso.

Biologia

I giovani formano banchi numerosi, i grandi esemplari sono perlopiù solitari.

Riproduzione

Le larve sono leptocefali.

Alimentazione

Si ciba di organismi bentonici come crostacei, molluschi, vermi, ecc.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è molto diffusa nelle acque americane, sia sul lato dell'Oceano Pacifico (dalla California al Perù) che su quello atlantico (dagli USA meridionali al Brasile). È molto comune nel mar dei Caraibi e nel golfo del Messico. È presente, anche se in densità minore, in certe zone dell'oceano Indiano.

Popola le acque costiere molto basse e vicine alla costa su fondi sabbiosi o fangosi, soprattutto in zone con debole idrodinamismo come golfi e baie. Essendo eurialino frequenta anche gli estuari.

Pesca

Le carni sono liscose e scadenti per cui non ha alcun interesse economico o alimentare. Ciò nonostante è insidiato massicciamente da pescatori sportivi che lo insidiano principalmente a mosca a causa della strenua difesa che oppone alla cattura.

Note

↑ (EN) Adams, A., Guindon, K., Horodysky, A., MacDonald, T., McBride, R., Shenker, J. & Ward, R., Albula vulpes, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
↑ Albula vulpes, su fishbase.de. URL consultato il 17 ottobre 2025.
↑ Albula vulpes, su marinespecies.org. URL consultato il 17 ottobre 2025.
↑ https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/vulpes/ (Enciclopedia Treccani)
↑ https://www.sapere.it/sapere/approfondimenti/animali/pesci/volpe-biancastra.html (Sapere by De Agostini)
↑ (Regolamento (CE) n. 216/2009 del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio dell’11 marzo 2009 - G.U. dell’Unione europea del 31.03.2009 L 87 pubblicato sulla G.U. della Repubblica Italiana 2ª Serie speciale - n. 38 del 15-05-2009), su gazzettaufficiale.it. URL consultato il 30 agosto 2026.

Bibliografia

Adams, A.J., Wolfe, R.K., Tringali, M.D., Wallace, E.M. and Kellison, G.T. 2008. Rethinking the status of Albula spp. biology in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and management of the world tarpon and bonefish fisheries, pp. 203–214. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Alexander, E.C. 1961. A contribution to the life history, biology, and geographical distribution of the bonefish, Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Dana-Report 53: 1-51.
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Bahamas Department of Fisheries. 1986. Bahamian Fisheries Regulations and Reports.
Bahamas Environment, Science and Technology Commission (BEST). 2005. State of the Environment. Government of the Bahamas.
Bowen, B.W., Karl, S.A. and Pfeiler, E. 2008. Resolving evolutionary lineages and taxonomy of bonefishes (Albula spp.). In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefish Fisheries, pp. 147–154. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
Briggs, J.C. 1960. Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution. Copeia 1960: 171-180.
Clark, S.A. and Danylchuk, A.J. 2003. Introduction to the Turks and Caicos Islands bonefish reserach project tagging program. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 54: 396.
Colborn, J., Crabtree, R.E., Shakee, J.B., Pfeiler, E. and Bowen, B.W. 2001. The evolutionary enigma of bonefishes (Albula spp.): crytic species and ancient separations in a globally-distributed shorefish. Evolution 55: 807-820.
Colton, D.E. and Alevizon, W.S. 1983. Movement patterns of the bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Bahamian waters. Fishery Bulletin 81: 148.
Cooke, S.J. and Philipp, D.P. 2004. Behavior and mortality of caught-and-released bonefish (Albula spp.) in Bahamian waters with implications for a sustainable recreational fishery. Biological Conservation 118: 599.
Crabtree, R.E., Harnden, C.W., Snodgrass, D. and Stevens, C. 1996. Age, growth, and mortality of bonefish, Albula vulpes, from the waters of the Florida Keys. Fishery Bulletin 94: 442-451.
Crabtree, R.E., Snodgrass, D. and Harnden, C.W. 1997. Maturation and reporductive seasonality in bonefish, Albula vulpes, from the waters of the Florida Keys. Fishery Bulletin 95(3): 456-465.
Crabtree, R.E., Stevens, C., Snograss, D. and Stengard, F.J. 1998. Feeding habits of bonefish, Albula vulpes, from the waters of the Florida Keys. Fishery Bulletin 96: 754.
Curtis, B. 2004. Not exactly fishing (alligator fishing). In: T.N. Davidson (ed.), Bonefishin B.S. and Other Good Fish Stories, pp. 167–171. Hudson Books, Ontario, Canada.
Danylchuk, A.J. Cooke, S.J., Goldberg, T.L., Suski, C.D., Murchie, K.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Shultz, A.D., Haak, C.R., Brooks, E.J., Oronti, A., Koppelman, J.B., and Philipp, D.P. 2011. Aggregations and offshore movements as indicators of spawning activity of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in The Bahamas. Marine Biology 158: 1981-1999.
Danylchuk, A.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Cooke, S.J., Goldberg, T.L., Koppelman, J. and Philipp, D.P. 2008. Ecology and management of bonefish (Albula spp.) in the Bahamian Archipelog. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and Management of the World Tarpon and Bonefishes, pp. 79–92. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida.
Danylchuk, Aj.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Cooke, S.J., Goldberg, T.L., Koppelman, J. and Philipp, D.P. 2007. Post-release mortality of bonefish (Albula spp.) exposed to different handling practices in South Eluethera, Bahamas. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14: 149-159.
Davidson, T. 2004. Bonefish B.S. and Other Good Fish Stories. Hudson Books, Toronto.
Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA.
Fedler, A.J. 2010. The economic impact of flats fishing in The Bahamas. Report to the Everglades Foundation.
Fernandez, C. 2004. Fly-Fishing for Bonefish. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2005. Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative. Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. In: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (eds). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahasee, Florida, USA.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2011. FWC enhances bonefish management. State of Florida Available at: Sito (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 maggio 2013).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2007. The World's Mangroves 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. FAO, Rome.
Haley, V. 2009. Acoustic Telemetry Studies of Bonefish (Albula vulpes) Movement Around Andros Island, Bahamas: Implications for Species Management. Department of Biology, Florida International University.
International Union for Conservation of Nature Standards and Petitions Working Group. 2008. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. In: Standards and Petitions Working Group of the IUCN SSC Biodiversity Assessments Sub-Committee (eds), Version 7. Internation Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland.
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Kaufman, R. 2000. Bonefishing. Westeern Fisherman's Press, Mosse, WY.
Layman, C.A. and Silliman, B.R. 2002. Preliminary Survey and Diet Analysis of Juvenile Fishes of an Estuarine Creek on Andros Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science 70(1): 199-210.
Layman, C.A., Arrington, D.A., Landerhans, R.B. and Silliman, B.R. 2004. Degree of fragmentation affects fish assemblage structure in Andros Island (Bahamas) estuaries. Caribbean Journal of Science 40(2): 232-244.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp : page 313. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542.
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Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Arias-Gonzalez, J.E., Lindeman, K.C., Blackwell, P.G., Gall, A., Gorczynska, M.I., Harborne, A.R., Pescod, C.L., Renken, H., Wabnitz, C.C.C. and Llewellyn, G. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427: 533-536.
Murchie, K.J., Cooke, S.J., Danylchuk, A.J., Danylchuk, S.E., Goldberg, T.L., Suski, C.D. and Philipp, C.D. 2011. Thermal biology of bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Bahamian coastal waters and tidal creeks: An integrated laboratory and field study. Journal of Thermal Biology 36: 38-48.
Nero, V.L. and Sullivan-Sealey, K. 2005. Characterization of tropical near-shore fish communiteies by coastal habitat status on spatially complex island systems. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73: 437.
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Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Albula vulpes
Wikispecies contiene informazioni su Albula vulpes

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) (EN) Albula vulpes, su FishBase. URL consultato il 12.05.2012.

Portale Biologia

Portale Mare

Portale Pesci

[IUCN-1] (EN) Adams, A., Guindon, K., Horodysky, A., MacDonald, T., McBride, R., Shenker, J. & Ward, R., Albula vulpes, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

[2] Albula vulpes, su fishbase.de. URL consultato il 17 ottobre 2025.

[3] Albula vulpes, su marinespecies.org. URL consultato il 17 ottobre 2025.

[4] ttps://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/vulpes/ (Enciclopedia Treccani)

[5] ttps://www.sapere.it/sapere/approfondimenti/animali/pesci/volpe-biancastra.html (Sapere by De Agostini)

[6] (Regolamento (CE) n. 216/2009 del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio dell’11 marzo 2009 - G.U. dell’Unione europea del 31.03.2009 L 87 pubblicato sulla G.U. della Repubblica Italiana 2ª Serie speciale - n. 38 del 15-05-2009), su gazzettaufficiale.it. URL consultato il 30 agosto 2026.

Albula vulpes

Stato di conservazione
Prossimo alla minaccia (nt)
Classificazione scientifica
Dominio	Eukaryota
Regno	Animalia
Sottoregno	Eumetazoa
Superphylum	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata
Subphylum	Vertebrata
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclasse	Osteichthyes
Classe	Actinopterygii
Sottoclasse	Neopterygii
Infraclasse	Teleostei
Superordine	Elopomorpha
Ordine	Albuliformes
Famiglia	Albulidae
Genere	Albula
Specie	A. vulpes
Nomenclatura binomiale
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sinonimi
Albula conorynchus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Albula lacustris Walbaum, 1792 Albula parrae Valenciennes, 1847 Albula plumieri Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Albula rostrata Gray, 1854 Amia immaculata Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Butyrinus bananus Lacepède, 1803 Clupea brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Clupea macrocephala Lacepède, 1803 Engraulis bahiensis Spix, 1829 Engraulis sericus Spix, 1829 Esox vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 Esunculus costai Kaup, 1856 Glossodus forskalii Spix & Agassiz, 1829
Nomi comuni
Bonefish (English) Banane de mer (French) Альбула (Russian) Macabí (Spanish) Pesce signora Volpe biancastra