Copernicium

Copernicium, 00Cn
Copernicium
Pronunciation/ˌkoʊpərˈnɪsiəm/ ​(KOH-pər-NISS-ee-əm)
Mass number[285]
Copernicium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
 Hg
↑
Cn
↓
(Uhh)
roentgenium ← copernicium → nihonium
Groupgroup 12
Periodperiod 7
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (predicted) (predicted)
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas (predicted)
Boiling point357+112
−108 K ​(84+112
−108 °C, ​183+202
−194 °F)
Density when liquid (at m.p.)23.7 g/cm3 (predicted)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0, (+1), +2, (+4), (+6) (parenthesized: prediction)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1155 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2170 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3160 kJ/mol
  • (more) (all estimated)
Atomic radiuscalculated: 147 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius122 pm (predicted)
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for copernicium

(predicted)
CAS Number54084-26-3
History
Namingafter Nicolaus Copernicus
DiscoveryGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1996)
Isotopes of copernicium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
283Cn synth 3.81 s α96% 279Ds
SF4% –
ε? 283Rg
285Cn synth 30 s α 281Ds
286Cn synth 8.4 s? SF –
 Category: Copernicium
| references

Copernicium (formerly Ununbium) is a chemical element in the Periodic Table. It is also named eka-mercury. It has the symbol Cn. It has the atomic number 112. It is a transuranium element.

Nicolaus Copernicus

The element is named in honor of Nicolaus Copernicus.

Using periodic trends, people think that it will be a liquid metal like mercury. It is likely to be more volatile than mercury however.

History

Copernicium was first made on February 9, 1996 at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. Copernicium was made by nuclear fusion of a zinc atom with a lead atom. The zinc nuclei was bombarded on to a lead target in a machine named a heavy ion accelerator.

The element was made in 2000 and 2004 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia.

In May 2006 in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research checked that it had been made using a different method. They identified the last atoms that were made from radioactive decay of copernicium.

In February 2010 IUPAC officially approved the name copernicium and symbol Cn.

Naming

Before the name "copernicium", the element was named "eka-mercury" (a term that means "below mercury"), "ununbium" (Latin name for "one-one-two"). Sometimes, it was referred as "element 112".

On 14 July 2009, the name "copernicium" was proposed with the element symbol "Cp". However, during the six months with the scientific community about how this element should be named, the group realized the element symbol "Cp" was already used for "cassiopeium" (which was another name for lutetium until 1949). Also, the symbol "Cp" in chemistry is a common name for cyclopentadienyl ligand (C5H5). Mostly because of the name "cassiopeium" using "Cp" as a chemical symbol, IUPAC did not allow copernicium to use "Cp" as an element symbol. Instead, its element symbol was proposed to be "Cn".

On 19 February 2010, IUPAC approved the name "copernicium" and the element symbol "Cn".

Uses

Due to its short half-life it has no use but is being studied.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
  2. ↑ Eichler, R.; Aksenov, N. V.; Belozerov, A. V.; Bozhikov, G. A.; Chepigin, V. I.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Dressler, R.; Gäggeler, H. W.; et al. (2008). "Thermochemical and physical properties of element 112". Angewandte Chemie. 47 (17): 3262–6. doi:10.1002/anie.200705019. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  3. ↑ Gäggeler, Heinz W.; Türler, Andreas (2013). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements". The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 415–483. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1_8. ISBN 978-3-642-37465-4. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
  4. ↑ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  5. ↑ Hu, Shu-Xian; Zou, Wenli (23 September 2021). "Stable copernicium hexafluoride (CnF6) with an oxidation state of VI+". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2022 (24): 321–325. doi:10.1039/D1CP04360A. PMID 34889909.
  6. ↑ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  7. ↑ Chemical Data. Copernicium - Cn, Royal Chemical Society
  8. ↑ Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Mishra, Vinayak; Dey, G. K.; Sikka, S. K. (January 2018). "Super heavy element Copernicium: Cohesive and electronic properties revisited". Solid State Communications. 269: 16–22. doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2017.10.009. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  9. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  10. ↑ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Ibadullayev, D.; et al. (2022). "Investigation of 48Ca-induced reactions with 242Pu and 238U targets at the JINR Superheavy Element Factory". Physical Review C. 106 (24612). Bibcode:2022PhRvC.106b4612O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.024612. S2CID 251759318.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "New element named 'copernicium'". BBC News. 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-12-24. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  12. ↑ "IUPAC Element 112 is Named Copernicium". IUPAC. 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
  13. ↑ "Element 112 is Named Copernicium". Archived from the original on 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
  14. ↑ Chatt, J. (1979). "Recommendations for the naming of elements of atomic numbers greater than 100". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 51 (2): 381–384. doi:10.1351/pac197951020381.
  15. ↑ "Element 112 shall be named "copernicium"". Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung. 14 July 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009.
  16. 1 2 3 "Start of the Name Approval Process for the Element of Atomic Number 112". IUPAC. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  17. ↑ "Minutes, Division VIII Committee meeting, Glasgow, 2009" (PDF). iupac.org. IUPAC. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  18. ↑ "IUPAC Element 112 is Named Copernicium". IUPAC. 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2012-04-13.

Other websites