Darmstadtium

Darmstadtium, 00Ds
Darmstadtium
Pronunciation
Mass number[281]
Darmstadtium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
 Pt
↑
Ds
↓
(Uhq)
meitnerium ← darmstadtium → roentgenium
Groupgroup 10
Periodperiod 7
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2 (predicted) (predicted)
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 (predicted)
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid (predicted)
Density (near r.t.)34.8 g/cm3 (predicted)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states(0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 960 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1890 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3030 kJ/mol
  • (more) (all estimated)
Atomic radiusempirical: 132 pm (predicted)
Covalent radius128 pm (estimated)
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for darmstadtium

(predicted)
CAS Number54083-77-1
History
Namingafter Darmstadt, Germany, where it was discovered
DiscoveryGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1994)
Isotopes of darmstadtium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
279Ds synth 0.2 s α10% 275Hs
SF90% –
281Ds synth 14 s SF94% –
α6% 277Hs
 Category: Darmstadtium
| references

Darmstadium is a synthetic, radioactive transuranium chemical element with the symbol Ds and atomic number of 110.

Darmstadt

Darmstadtium is a radioactive element that does not exist in nature. It has to be made. The isotopes with an atomic mass from 267 to 273 have very short half-lifes. The half life of these isotopes is measured in milliseconds. Isotopes of darmstadtium with an atomic mass of 279 and 281 were synthesised after the other isotopes. Ds-279 and Ds-281 decay more slowly. The isotope with an atomic mass of 279 has a half life of 180 milliseconds and Ds-281 has a half life of 11.1 seconds.

History

Darmstadtium was created on November 9, 1994 at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. The element is in honor of that city. Before it was created, chemists called it ununnilium (Uun) or eka-platinum as a placeholder for it, and the new name was given to the chemical element by the IUPAC in August 2003.

Chemistry

Because only a few atoms were made, the chemistry of Darmstadtium is not well known yet, so there are no uses for it at the moment. It is usually made by bombarding a lead target with nickel, fusing the two nuclei together to make the element.

This is shown by the equation below that is the reaction that happened. Pb is the symbol for lead, Ni is the symbol for nickel and n is the symbol for a neutron.

208
82Pb + 62
28Ni→ 269
110Ds + 1
0n

Isotopes ranging from 267 to 281 are known, with the most stable isotope being Ds-281 with a half-life of 14 seconds. While not much attention has been given to it, it should act similar to its group 10 family, and it should also be a noble metal.

References

  1. ↑ "darmstadtium". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-08.
  2. ↑ Darmstadtium. The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham. September 23, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  3. 1 2 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4
  5. 1 2 Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
  6. ↑ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  7. ↑ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  8. ↑ Chemical Data. Darmstadtium - Ds, Royal Chemical Society
  9. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  10. ↑ IUPAC: Element 110 is named darmstadtium Archived 2003-10-01 at the Wayback Machine (HTML) Accessed 21 November 2006.
  11. ↑ Holleman, A.F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9.

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