Index of phonetics articles

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IPA: Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal							Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Alveolopalatal		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊˖	ɲ˖	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Stop	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d	t̠	d̠	ʈ	ɖ	c̟	ɟ˖	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ꞯ	𝼂	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	ʈʂ	ɖʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v	t̼θ̼	d̼ð̼	t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔		dɻ˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ			ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilant fricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔			ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	ʜ	ʢ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞	ʋ̥	ʋ			θ̞	ð̞	ɹ̥	ɹ	ɹ̠̊	ɹ̠	ɻ̊	ɻ			j̊	j		ɰ	χ˕	ʁ̞	ħ̞	ʕ̞				ʔ̞
Tap/flap	ⱱ̟̊	ⱱ̟	ⱱ̥	ⱱ			ɾ̪̊	ɾ̪	ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɡ̆		ɢ̆				ʡ̆
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ			r̼̊	r̼	r̪̊	r̪	r̥	r	r̠̊	r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr							ʀ̥	ʀ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			ʈꞎ	ɖ𝼅	c𝼆̟	ɟʎ̝˖	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪	ɮ̪	ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆̟	ʎ̝˖	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝		ʟ̠˔
Lateral approximant							l̪̊	l̪	l̥	l	l̠̊	l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̟̊	ʎ̟	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ	ʟ̠̊	ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈				ʎ̆		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Gray areas are sounds which are impossible.

IPA: Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U	EG
Ejective	Stop	pʼ		t̪ʼ	tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Sibilant affricate			t̪s̪ʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	ʈʂʼ
	Non-sibilant affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ					kxʼ	qχʼ
	Sibilant fricative				sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ
	Non-sibilant fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ					xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k‼ q‼	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ‼ ɢ‼	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ‼ ɴ‼	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuis lateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥

Gray areas are sounds which are impossible.

IPA: Co-articulated consonants

Labial–alveolar

Labial–alveolar

Labial–velar

Labial–uvular

Uvular–epiglottal

Fricative/approximant

Labial–palatal

Labial–velar

ɧ

Sj-sound (variable)

Lateral approximant

Velarized alveolar

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-close	ɪ ʏ		ɯ̽ ʊ
Close-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞	ə	ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ	ɐ
Open	a ɶ	ä ɒ̈	ɑ ɒ

Legend: unrounded • rounded

A

Acoustic phonetics
Active articulator
Affricate
Airstream mechanism
Alexander John Ellis
Alexander Melville Bell
Alfred C. Gimson
Allophone
Alveolar approximant (ɹ)
Alveolar click (ǃ)
Alveolar consonant
Alveolar ejective (tʼ)
Alveolar ejective affricate (tsʼ)
Alveolar ejective fricative (sʼ)
Alveolar flap (ɾ)
Alveolar lateral approximant (l, l̥)
Alveolar lateral ejective affricate (tɬʼ)
Alveolar lateral ejective fricative (ɬʼ)
Alveolar lateral flap (ɺ)
Alveolar nasal (n)
Alveolar ridge
Alveolar trill (r, r̥)
Alveolo-palatal consonant
Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative (ɕʼ)
Apical consonant
Approximant consonant
Articulatory phonetics
Aspirated consonant (◌ʰ)
Auditory phonetics

B

D

E

F

G

Gemination
Georg Heike
Glide
Glottis
Glottal consonant
Glottalic consonant (ingressive, egressive)
Glottal stop (ʔ)

H

I

J

K

M

N

O

Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet
Occlusion
Open back rounded vowel (ɒ)
Open back unrounded vowel (ɑ)
Open front rounded vowel (ɶ)
Open front unrounded vowel (a)
Open vowel
Open-mid back rounded vowel (ɔ)
Open-mid back unrounded vowel (ʌ)
Open-mid central rounded vowel (ɞ)
Open-mid central unrounded vowel (ɜ)
Open-mid front rounded vowel (œ)
Open-mid front unrounded vowel (ɛ)
Open-mid vowel
Oral consonant

R

S

T

U

V

Velar approximant (ɰ)
Velar consonant
Velar ejective (kʼ)
Velar ejective affricate (kxʼ)
Velar ejective fricative (xʼ)
Velar lateral approximant (ʟ)
Velar lateral ejective affricate (kʟ̝̊ʼ)
Velar lateral flap (ʟ̆)
Velar nasal (ŋ)
Velaric egressive
Velarization
Velum
Vocal cords
Vocal stress
Vocal tract
Voice onset time
Voiced alveolar affricate (dz)
Voiced alveolar fricative (z, ð̠)
Voiced alveolar implosive (ɗ)
Voiced alveolar lateral affricate (dɮ)
Voiced alveolar lateral fricative (ɮ)
Voiced alveolar plosive (d)
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (dʑ)
Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (ʑ)
Voiced bilabial fricative (β)
Voiced bilabial implosive (ɓ)
Voiced bilabial plosive (b)
Voiced consonant
Voiced dental affricate (d̪z̪, dð)
Voiced dental fricative (z̪), (ð)
Voiced dental plosive (d̪)
Voiced epiglottal fricative (ʢ)
Voiced glottal fricative (ɦ)
Voiced implosive consonant
Voiced labial-velar plosive (ɡ͡b)
Voiced labiodental affricate (b̪v)
Voiced labiodental fricative (v)
Voiced labiodental plosive (b̪)
Voiced palatal affricate (ɟʝ)
Voiced palatal fricative (ʝ)
Voiced palatal implosive (ʄ)
Voiced palatal plosive (ɟ)
Voiced palato-alveolar affricate (dʒ)
Voiced pharyngeal fricative (ʕ)
Voiced postalveolar fricative (ʒ)
Voiced retroflex affricate (ɖʐ)
Voiced retroflex fricative (ʐ)
Voiced retroflex implosive (ᶑ)
Voiced retroflex plosive (ɖ)
Voiced uvular affricate (ɢʁ)
Voiced uvular fricative (ʁ)
Voiced uvular implosive (ʛ)
Voiced uvular plosive (ɢ)
Voiced velar affricate (ɡɣ)
Voiced velar fricative (ɣ)
Voiced velar implosive (ɠ)
Voiced velar lateral affricate (ɡʟ̝)
Voiced velar lateral fricative (ʟ̝)
Voiced velar plosive (ɡ)
Voiceless alveolar affricate (ts)
Voiceless alveolar fricative (s, θ̠)
Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate (tɬ)
Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (ɬ)
Voiceless alveolar nasal (n̥)
Voiceless alveolar plosive (t)
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (tɕ)
Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (ɕ)
Voiceless bilabial fricative (ɸ)
Voiceless bilabial nasal (m̥)
Voiceless bilabial plosive (p)
Voiceless consonant
Voiceless dental affricate (t̪s̪, tθ)
Voiceless dental fricative (s̪, θ)
Voiceless dental plosive (t̪)
Voiceless epiglottal fricative (ʜ)
Voiceless glottal approximant (h̞)
Voiceless glottal fricative (h)
Voiceless labial-velar fricative (ʍ)
Voiceless labial-velar plosive (k͡p)
Voiceless labiodental affricate (p̪f)
Voiceless labiodental fricative (f)
Voiceless labiodental plosive (p̪)
Voiceless palatal affricate (cç)
Voiceless palatal fricative (ç)
Voiceless palatal lateral affricate (cʎ̥˔)
Voiceless palatal lateral fricative (ʎ̝̊)
Voiceless palatal nasal (ɲ̊)
Voiceless palatal plosive (c)
Voiceless pharyngeal fricative (ħ)
Voiceless postalveolar affricate (tʃ)
Voiceless postalveolar fricative (ʃ)
Voiceless retroflex affricate (ʈʂ)
Voiceless retroflex fricative (ʂ)
Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative (ꞎ)
Voiceless retroflex nasal (ɳ̊)
Voiceless retroflex plosive (ʈ)
Voiceless retroflex trill (ɽr̥)
Voiceless uvular affricate (qχ)
Voiceless uvular fricative (χ)
Voiceless uvular nasal (ɴ̥)
Voiceless uvular plosive (q)
Voiceless uvular trill (ʀ̥)
Voiceless velar affricate (kx)
Voiceless velar fricative (x)
Voiceless velar lateral affricate (kʟ̝̊)
Voiceless velar lateral fricative (ʟ̝̊)
Voiceless velar nasal (ŋ̊)
Voiceless velar plosive (k)
Voicing
Vowel
Vowel backness
Vowel harmony
Vowel height
Vowel hiatus
Vowel length
Vowel reduction
Vowel roundedness

W

Whispering

X

X-SAMPA

Y

Yi Tso-lin

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