1P-LSD

1P-LSD
Clinical data
Other names1-Propanoyl-lysergic acid diethylamide; 1-Propanoyl-LSD; 1-Propionyl-LSD
Routes of
administration		Oral
Drug classSerotonin receptor agonist; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S8 (Controlled drug)
  • BR: Class F2 (Prohibited psychotropics)
  • CA: Unscheduled.
  • DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only)
  • UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act
  • US: Unscheduled (may be considered illegal if sold for human consumption as an analog of LSD under the federal analogue act)
  • UN: Unscheduled
  • In general Unscheduled, unless that was sold for human consumption, could be sold for medical and research purposes.
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability~100%
MetabolismHydrolysis
MetabolitesLSD
Elimination half-lifeInitial: ~0.2 hours
Duration of action8–12 hours
Identifiers
  • (6aR,9R)-N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4-propanoyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC23H29N3O2
Molar mass379.504 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@H]1CN(C)[C@@H]2Cc3cn(C(=O)CC)c4cccc(C2=C1)c34
  • InChI=1S/C23H29N3O2/c1-5-21(27)26-14-15-12-20-18(17-9-8-10-19(26)22(15)17)11-16(13-24(20)4)23(28)25(6-2)7-3/h8-11,14,16,20H,5-7,12-13H2,1-4H3/t16-,20-/m1/s1
  • Key:JSMQOVGXBIDBIE-OXQOHEQNSA-N

1P-LSD, also known as 1-propionyl-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to LSD. It is an amide derivative of LSD and a homologue of ALD-52 (1A-LSD). The drug originated in 2015 when it appeared as a designer drug sold online. It was first synthesized as a legal LSD alternative by Lizard Labs, a Netherlands based research chemical laboratory. It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen atom of LSD's indole group and is a prodrug of LSD.

Use and effects

1P-LSD on blotter paper.

The dose range of 1P-LSD is 100 to 200 μg, with a typical dose estimate of 150 μg. Its duration is about 8 to 12 hours for most people. The subjective effects of 1P-LSD are not well-defined in the literature, although they are generally thought to be comparable to those of LSD. In a 2020 study, the qualitative effects of 1P-LSD and LSD were similar when measured using visual analog scales. The properties of 1P-LSD have also been assessed in other studies.

Interactions

Pharmacology

Like ALD-52 (1A-LSD), 1P-LSD is believed to act as a prodrug for LSD via hydrolysis of the propionyl group. When 1P-LSD is incubated in human serum or liver cells, administered intravenously to rats, or administered either orally or intravenously to human subjects, high levels of LSD and relatively low levels of 1P-LSD are quickly detected, demonstrating that 1P-LSD is rapidly hydrolyzed into LSD in vivo following ingestion. Indeed, following intravenous administration in humans 1P-LSD is detectable in serum for no longer than 4 hours, after which it is completely converted to LSD. These findings are supported by the similar duration and behavioral effects of 1P-LSD and LSD in both animal and human experiments.

Chemistry

Synthesis

The chemical synthesis of 1P-LSD has been described in a patent from 2024.

Properties

The chemical stability of 1P-LSD has been studied.

Analogues

Related compounds include 1cP-LSD, 1B-LSD, 1D-LSD, 1V-LSD, ALD-52 (1A-LSD), 1cP-AL-LAD, AL-LAD, ETH-LAD, 1P-ETH-LAD, PRO-LAD, LSM-775, and LSZ, among others.

History

1P-LSD was first described as well as encountered as a novel designer drug in 2015.

Society and culture

1P-LSD is unscheduled in the United States and Canada, but may be considered illegal if sold or used for human consumption as an analogue of LSD under the Federal Analogue Act in the United States. 1P-LSD is a prohibited or controlled substance in Australia, France, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Japan, Latvia, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Italy, Singapore, the Czech Republic, and Croatia. 1P-LSD has been illegal in Russia since 2017 as an LSD derivative.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Grumann C, Henkel K, Brandt SD, Stratford A, Passie T, Auwärter V (August 2020). "Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P-LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration". Drug Testing and Analysis. 12 (8): 1144–1153. doi:10.1002/dta.2821. PMID 32415750.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Mallaroni P, Mason NL, Vinckenbosch FR, Ramaekers JG (June 2022). "The use patterns of novel psychedelics: experiential fingerprints of substituted phenethylamines, tryptamines and lysergamides". Psychopharmacology (Berl). 239 (6): 1783–1796. doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06142-4. PMC 9166850. PMID 35487983.
  3. ↑ "Philtre Bulletin Issue 5" (PDF). WEDINOS. March 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  4. ↑ Daly M (27 July 2015). "Why Young Brits Are Taking So Much LSD and Ecstasy". Vice. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  5. ↑ "Newer Unregulated Drugs" (PDF). KFx. April 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  6. ↑ Speiser M (11 August 2015). "A handful of dangerous new legal drugs has public health experts worried". Business Insider UK. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  7. ↑ "1P-LSD". New Synthetic Drugs Database. Archived from the original on 2016-07-03. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  8. ↑ Palamar JJ, Acosta P, Sherman S, Ompad DC, Cleland CM (November 2016). "Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances among attendees of electronic dance music venues". The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 42 (6): 624–632. doi:10.1080/00952990.2016.1181179. PMC 5093056. PMID 27315522.
  9. ↑ Jose (15 October 2015). "Is 1P-LSD A Prodrug To LSD?". Detect-Kit. Archived from the original on 2015-10-15. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  10. ↑ Linda P, Stener A, Cipiciani A, Savelli G (January–February 1983). "Hydrolysis of amides. Kinetics and mechanism of the basic hydrolysis of N-acylpyrroles, N-acylindoles and N-acylcarbazoles". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 20 (1): 247–248. doi:10.1002/jhet.5570200154.
  11. ↑ Schifano F, Orsolini L, Papanti D, Corkery J (June 2016). "NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake". Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. Vol. 32. pp. 351–380. doi:10.1007/7854_2016_15. ISBN 978-3-319-52442-9. OCLC 643052237. PMID 27272067.
  12. ↑ Coney LD, Maier LJ, Ferris JA, Winstock AR, Barratt MJ (May 2017). "Genie in a blotter: A comparative study of LSD and LSD analogues' effects and user profile". Hum Psychopharmacol. 32 (3). doi:10.1002/hup.2599. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_59079. PMID 28517366.
  13. 1 2 3 Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV, Westphal F, Stratford A, Elliott SP, Hoang K, et al. (September 2016). "Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD)". Drug Testing and Analysis. 8 (9): 891–902. doi:10.1002/dta.1884. PMC 4829483. PMID 26456305.
  14. ↑ Wagmann L, Richter LH, Kehl T, Wack F, Bergstrand MP, Brandt SD, Stratford A, Maurer HH, Meyer MR (July 2019). "In vitro metabolic fate of nine LSD-based new psychoactive substances and their analytical detectability in different urinary screening procedures". Anal Bioanal Chem. 411 (19): 4751–4763. doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1558-9. PMID 30617391.
  15. ↑ Halberstadt AL, Chatha M, Klein AK, McCorvy JD, Meyer MR, Wagmann L, et al. (August 2020). "Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)". Neuropharmacology. 172 107856. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107856. PMC 9191647. PMID 31756337.
  16. ↑ WO 2024/028495, Stratford A, Williamson JP, "Prodrugs of Substituted Ergolines", published 8 February 2024, assigned to Synex Holdings BV
  17. ↑ Grumann C, Henkel K, Stratford A, Hermanns-Clausen M, Passie T, Brandt SD, Auwärter V (September 2019). "Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 1P-LSD and its tentative metabolite LSD in fortified urine and serum samples including stability tests for 1P-LSD under different storage conditions". J Pharm Biomed Anal. 174: 270–276. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.062. PMID 31181490.
  18. ↑ Zhang SH, Tang AS, Chin RS, Goh JY, Ong MC, Lim WJ, Yap AT, So CW (May 2023). "Stability studies of ALD-52 and its homologue 1P-LSD". J Forensic Sci. 68 (3): 1009–1019. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.15224. PMID 36779453.
  19. ↑ "EMCDDA–Europol 2015 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA". isomerdesign.com.
  20. ↑ "N-Пропионил-ЛСД (1P-LSD)". АИПСИН (in Russian). Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  21. ↑ "N-Пропионил-ЛСД". АИПСИН (in Russian). Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  22. ↑ Orange Book: List of Controlled Substances and Regulated Chemicals (January 2026) (PDF), United States: U.S. Department of Justice: Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Diversion Control Division, January 2026
  23. ↑ "Arrêté du 20 mai 2021 modifiant l'arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants". www.legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). 20 May 2021.
  24. ↑ "Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta kielletyistä psykoaktiivisista aineista annetun valtioneuvoston asetuksen liitteen muuttamisesta" [Government decree amending the annex to the government decree on psychoactive substances prohibited on the consumer market] (in Finnish).
  25. ↑ "Lists of euphoriant substances". The Danish Medicines Agency. September 2015.
  26. ↑ "Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-. Stoffe-Gesetzes und von Anlagen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes" [Regulation amending the Annex to the New Psychoactive Substances Act and Appendices to the Narcotics Act] (in German).
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  30. ↑ "31 Forskrift om narkotika (narkotikaforskriften)" (in Norwegian). Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet. 14 February 2013.
  31. ↑ "Legea 194/2011 privind combaterea operatiunilor cu produse susceptibile de a avea efecte psihoactive, altele decat cele prevazute de acte normative in vigoare, republicata 2014". www.dreptonline.ro. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
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  33. ↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Der Bundesrat.
  34. ↑ "Psychoactive Substances Act 2016". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
  35. ↑ "Gazzetta Ufficiale". www.gazzettaufficiale.it.
  36. ↑ "Misuse of Drugs Act - Singapore Statutes Online". sso.agc.gov.sg.
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