List of mustelids

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
EX	Extinct (2 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (1 species)
EN	Endangered (7 species)
VU	Vulnerable (6 species)
NT	Near threatened (7 species)
LC	Least concern (39 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (1 species)
NE	Not evaluated (1 species)

Mustelidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, which includes weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks, and wolverines, and many other extant and extinct genera. A member of this family is called a mustelid; Mustelidae is the largest family in Carnivora, and its extant species are divided into eight subfamilies. They are found on all continents except Antarctica and Australia, and are a diverse family; sizes range, including tails, from the widespread 17 cm (7 in) least weasel to the 1.8-meter (6 ft) giant otter of Amazonian South America. Habitats vary widely as well, from the arboreal marten to the fossorial European badger to the marine sea otter. Population sizes are largely unknown, though two species, the sea mink and Japanese otter, were hunted to extinction in 1894 and 1979, respectively, and several other species are endangered. Some species have been domesticated, e.g. the ferret and some populations of the South American tayra. Mustelidae is one of the oldest families in Carnivora; early mustelids first appeared around 28–33 million years ago.

The 23 genera and 62 extant species of Mustelidae are split into 8 subfamilies: Guloninae, martens and wolverines; Helictidinae, ferret-badgers; Ictonychinae, African polecats and grisons; Lutrinae, otters; Melinae, Eurasian badgers; Mellivorinae, the honey badger; Mustelinae, weasels and minks; and Taxidiinae, the American badger. In addition to the extant subfamilies, Mustelidae includes three extinct subfamilies designated as Leptarctinae, Mustelavinae, and Oligobuninae. Extinct species have also been placed into all of the extant subfamilies besides Helictidinae, in both extant and extinct genera; around 200 extinct Mustelidae species have been found, as well as fossil genera not given a species name, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the mustelid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†". Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

The family Mustelidae consists of 62 extant species belonging to 23 genera and divided into hundreds of subspecies, as well the extinct sea mink and Japanese otter, which are the only mustelid species to become extinct since prehistoric times. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 23 genera can be grouped into 8 subfamilies. Some prior classification schemes divided the family solely between the aquatic otters and all other species.

Subfamily Guloninae (Martens and wolverines)

Genus Eira: one species
Genus Gulo: one species
Genus Martes: seven species
Genus Pekania: one species

Subfamily Helictidinae (Ferret-badgers)

Genus Melogale: five species

Subfamily Ictonychinae (African polecats and grisons)

Genus Galictis: two species
Genus Ictonyx: two species
Genus Lyncodon: one species
Genus Poecilogale: one species
Genus Vormela: one species

Subfamily Lutrinae (Otters)

Genus Aonyx: three species
Genus Enhydra: one species
Genus Hydrictis: one species
Genus Lontra: four species
Genus Lutra: three species
Genus Lutrogale: one species
Genus Pteronura: one species

Subfamily Melinae (Eurasian badgers)

Genus Arctonyx: three species
Genus Meles: three species

Subfamily Mellivorinae (Honey badger)

Genus Mellivora: one species

Subfamily Mustelinae (Weasels and minks)

Genus Mustela: fifteen species
Genus Neogale: five species

Subfamily Taxidiinae (American badger)

Genus Taxidea: one species

Mustelids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. This includes reclassifying Guloninae, Helictidinae, Ictonychinae, Melinae, Mellivorinae, and Taxidiinae as subfamilies rather than as part of a paraphyletic group with Mustelinae.

Subfamily Guloninae

Genus *Eira* – Hamilton Smith, 1842 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Tayra	E. barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) Seven subspecies E. b. barbara E. b. inserta E. b. madeirensis E. b. peruana E. b. poliocephala E. b. senex E. b. sinuensis	Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean, and northern South America	Size: 60–70 cm (24–28 in) long, plus 35–45 cm (14–18 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Primarily eats fruit, carrion, small vertebrates, insects, and honey	LC Unknown

Genus *Gulo* – Pallas, 1780 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Wolverine	G. gulo (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies G. g. luscus (American wolverine) G. g. gulo (Eurasian wolverine)	Arctic North America, Europe, and Asia	Size: 70–105 cm (28–41 in) long, plus 18–26 cm (7–10 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, forest, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats carrion and small to large mammals	LC Unknown

Genus *Martes* – Pinel, 1792 – seven species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
American marten	M. americana (Turton, 1806) Fourteen subspecies M. a. abieticola M. a. abietinoides M. a. actuosa M. a. americana M. a. atrata (Newfoundland pine marten) M. a. brumalis M. a. caurina M. a. humboldtensis (Humboldt marten) M. a. kenaiensis M. a. nesophila M. a. origenes M. a. sierrae M. a. vancouverensis M. a. vulpina	Northern North America (includes range of Pacific marten)	Size: 46–66 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion	LC Unknown
Beech marten	M. foina (Erxleben, 1777) Eleven subspecies M. f. bosniaca (Balkan beech marten) M. f. bunites (Cretan beech marten) M. f. foina (European beech marten) M. f. intermedia (Middle Asian beech marten) M. f. kozlovi (Tibetan beech marten) M. f. mediterranea (Iberian beech marten) M. f. milleri (Rhodes beech marten) M. f. nehringi (Caucasian beech marten) M. f. rosanowi (Crimean beech marten) M. f. syriaca (Syrian beech marten) M. f. toufoeus (Lhasa beech marten)	Europe and central Asia	Size: 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 22–30 cm (9–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion	LC Unknown
European pine marten	M. martes (Linnaeus, 1758) Seven subspecies M. m. borealis M. m. latinorum M. m. lorenzi M. m. minoricensis M. m. notialis M. m. ruthena M. m. uralensis	Europe and west Asia	Size: 48–58 cm (19–23 in) long, plus 16–28 cm (6–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, and amphibians, as well as carrion	LC Unknown
Japanese marten	M. melampus (Wagner, 1841) Two subspecies M. m. melampus M. m. tsuensis	Japan (M. m. melampus in green, M. m. tsuensis in red (Tsushima Island))	Size: 47–55 cm (19–22 in) long, plus 17–22 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats fruit, small mammals, and insects	LC Unknown
Nilgiri marten	M. gwatkinsii Horsfield, 1851	Parts of southern India	Size: 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long, plus 40–45 cm (16–18 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Primarily eats birds, small mammals, and insects	VU 1,000
Sable	M. zibellina (Linnaeus, 1758) Sixteen subspecies M. z. angarensis M. z. arsenjevi M. z. averini M. z. brachyura M. z. ilimpiensis M. z. jakutensis M. z. kamtschadalica M. z. obscura M. z. princeps M. z. sahalinensis M. z. sajanensis M. z. schantaricus M. z. tomensis M. z. tungussensis M. z. yeniseensis M. z. zibellina	Large parts of Russia	Size: 38–56 cm (15–22 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, nuts, and berries	LC 2 million
Yellow-throated marten	M. flavigula (Boddaert, 1785) Nine subspecies M. f. borealis M. f. chrysospila M. f. flavigula M. f. hainana M. f. henrici M. f. indochinensis M. f. peninsularis M. f. robinsoni M. f. saba	Eastern and southeastern Asia	Size: 50–72 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Primarily eats birds, small mammals, and insects	LC Unknown

Genus *Pekania* – Gray, 1865 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Fisher	P. pennanti (Erxleben, 1777)	Northern North America	Size: 75–120 cm (30–47 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats small to medium mammals, birds, and carrion	LC Unknown

Subfamily Helictidinae

Genus *Melogale* – I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831 – five species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bornean ferret-badger	M. everetti (Thomas, 1895)	Small parts of Borneo	Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates, amphibians, insects, fruit, and carrion	EN Unknown
Burmese ferret-badger	M. personata I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831 Five subspecies M. p. laotum M. p. nipalensis M. p. personata M. p. pierrei M. p. tonquinia	Southeast Asia	Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest Diet: Primarily eats insects and snails, as well as small mammals, frogs, lizards, carrion, birds, eggs, and fruit	LC Unknown
Chinese ferret-badger	M. moschata (Gray, 1831) Seven subspecies M. m. ferreogrisea M. m. hainanensis M. m. millsi M. m. moschata M. m. sorella M. m. subaurantiaca M. m. taxilla	East Asia	Size: 30–43 cm (12–17 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats insects, frogs, and carrion	LC Unknown
Javan ferret-badger	M. orientalis (Blanford, 1888) Two subspecies M. o. orientalis M. o. sundaicus	Parts of Java and Bali	Size: 35–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates and insects	LC Unknown
Vietnam ferret-badger	M. cucphuongensis T. Nadler, 2011	Vietnam	Size: Unknown Habitat: Forest Diet: Unknown	DD Unknown

Subfamily Ictonychinae

Genus *Galictis* – Bell, 1826 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Greater grison	G. vittata (Schreber, 1776) Four subspecies G. v. andina G. v. brasiliensis G. v. canaster G. v. vittata	Northern South America and Central America	Size: 60–76 cm (24–30 in) long, including tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, lizards, amphibians, eggs, and fruit	LC Unknown
Lesser grison	G. cuja (Molina, 1782) Four subspecies G. c. cuja G. c. furax G. c. huronax G. c. luteola	Southern South America	Size: 28–51 cm (11–20 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, and savanna Diet: Primarily eats small lagomorphs and rodents, as well as birds, frogs, lizards, snakes, and eggs	LC Unknown

Genus *Ictonyx* – Kaup, 1835 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Striped polecat	I. striatus (Molina, 1782) Nineteen subspecies I. s. albescens I. s. arenarius I. s. elgonis I. s. erythreae I. s. ghansiensis I. s. giganteus I. s. intermedius I. s. kalaharicus I. s. lancasteri I. s. limpopoensis I. s. maximus I. s. obscuratus I. s. orangiae I. s. ovamboensis I. s. pretoriae I. s. senegalensis I. s. shoae I. s. shortridgei I. s. striatus	Central, Southern, and sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail Habitat: Grassland, savanna, desert, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats insects	LC Unknown
Saharan striped polecat	I. libycus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833) Four subspecies I. l. libyca I. l. multivittata I. l. oralis I. l. rothschildi	Northern, western, and southern edges of the Sahara	Size: 40–47 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and desert Diet: Primarily eats rodents, small mammals, birds, fish, and insects	LC Unknown

Genus *Lyncodon* – Gervais, 1845 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Patagonian weasel	L. patagonicus (Blainville, 1842) Two subspecies L. p. patagonicus L. p. thomasi	Argentina	Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest Diet: Primarily eats rodents and birds	LC Unknown

Genus *Poecilogale* – Thomas, 1883 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African striped weasel	P. albinucha (Gray, 1864) Five subspecies P. a. albinucha P. a. bechuanae P. a. doggetti P. a. lebombo P. a. transvaalensis	Southern Africa	Size: 25–36 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, forest, savanna, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, rodents, and birds, as well as snakes and insects	LC Unknown

Genus *Vormela* – Blasius, 1884 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Marbled polecat	V. peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1864) Five subspecies V. p. koshewnikowi V. p. negans V. p. pallidior V. p. peregusna V. p. syriaca	Southeast Europe and central Asia	Size: 28–48 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Desert, rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats rodents and birds	VU Unknown

Subfamily Lutrinae

Genus *Aonyx* – Lesson, 1827 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African clawless otter	A. capensis Schinz, 1821 Five subspecies A. c. capensis (Cape clawless otter) A. c. hindei A. c. meneleki A. c. microdon A. c. philippsi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 72–95 cm (28–37 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, neritic marine, coastal marine, intertidal marine, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats crabs and lobsters, as well as frogs, fish, and insects	NT Unknown
Asian small-clawed otter	A. cinereus (Illiger, 1815) Three subspecies A. c. cinereus A. c. concolor A. c. nirnai	Southeast Asia	Size: 40–63 cm (16–25 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail Habitat: Intertidal marine, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, neritic marine, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats crabs, molluscs, insects, and small fish, as well as rodents, snakes, and amphibians	VU Unknown
Congo clawless otter	A. congicus (Lönnberg, 1910)	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 79–95 cm (31–37 in) long, plus 50–56 cm (20–22 in) tail Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and marine Diet: Unknown	NT Unknown

Genus *Enhydra* – Fleming, 1828 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Sea otter	E. lutris (Linnaeus, 1758) Three subspecies E. l. kenyoni (Northern sea otter) E. l. lutris (Asian sea otter) E. l. nereis (Southern sea otter)	Northern Pacific coasts	Size: 55–130 cm (22–51 in) long, plus 12–33 cm (5–13 in) tail Habitat: Neritic marine and oceanic marine Diet: Primarily eats marine invertebrates, as well as fish	EN 125,000

Genus *Hydrictis* – Pocock, 1921 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Spotted-necked otter	H. maculicollis (Lichtenstein, 1835)	Much of sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 57–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine Diet: Primarily eats frogs, crabs and small water birds	NT Unknown

Genus *Lontra* – Gray, 1843 – four species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
North American river otter	L. canadensis (Schreber, 1777) Seven subspecies L. c. canadensis L. c. kodiacensis L. c. lataxina L. c. mira L. c. pacifica L. c. periclyzomae L. c. sonora	United States and Canada, possibly Mexico	Size: 66–107 cm (26–42 in) long, plus 31–46 cm (12–18 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as amphibians and crustaceans	LC Unknown
Southern river otter	L. provocax (Thomas, 1908)	Southern Chile and Argentina	Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–46 cm (14–18 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and intertidal marine Diet: Primarily eats fish and crustaceans	EN Unknown
Neotropical otter	L. longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) Three subspecies L. l. annectens L. l. enudris L. l. longicaudis	South and Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean	Size: 50–79 cm (20–31 in) long, plus 37–57 cm (15–22 in) tail Habitat: Coastal marine, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and intertidal marine Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as crustaceans, insects, amphibians, and molluscs	NT Unknown
Marine otter	L. felina (Molina, 1782)	West coast of South America	Size: 57–79 cm (22–31 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail Habitat: Coastal marine, intertidal marine, oceanic marine, and neritic marine Diet: Primarily eats crustaceans and molluscs, as well as fish, birds, and small mammals	EN Unknown

Genus *Lutra* – Brisson, 1762 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Eurasian otter	L. lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) Eleven subspecies L. l. angustifrons L. l. aurobrunneus L. l. barang L. l. chinensis L. l. hainana L. l. kutab L. l. lutra L. l. meridionalis L. l. monticolus L. l. nair L. l. seistanica	Europe, North Africa, and large regions of Asia	Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–40 cm (14–16 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neretic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds, small mammals, and crustaceans	NT 57,800–361,200
Hairy-nosed otter	L. sumatrana (Gray, 1865)	Scattered parts of southeast Asia	Size: 50–82 cm (20–32 in) long, plus 35–50 cm (14–20 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine Diet: Primarily eats fish and water snakes, as well as frogs, lizards, turtles, and crabs	EN Unknown
Japanese otter†	L. nippon Imaizumi, Yoshiyuki, 1989	formerly Japan (extinct)	Size: 65–80 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 45–50 cm (18–20 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine Diet: Fish, crabs, shrimp, eels, beetles, fruit	EX 0

Genus *Lutrogale* – (Gray, 1865) – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Smooth-coated otter	L. perspicillata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 Three subspecies L. p. maxwelli (Iraq smooth–coated otter) L. p. perspicillata L. p. sindica	Iraq, South and southeast Asia	Size: 65–79 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 40–50 cm (16–20 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as shrimp, crabs, and insects	VU Unknown

Genus *Pteronura* – Gray, 1837 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Giant otter	P. brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788) Two subspecies P. b. brasiliensis P. b. paraguensis	North and central South America	Size: 96–123 cm (38–48 in) long, plus 45–65 cm (18–26 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and forest Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as caiman and turtles	EN Unknown

Subfamily Melinae

Genus *Arctonyx* – F.Cuvier, 1825 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Greater hog badger	A. collaris F. Cuvier, 1825 Four subspecies A. c. collaris (Greater hog badger) A. c. consul (Burmese hog badger) A. c. dictator (Indochinese hog badger)	East and southeast Asia (image includes albogularis and hoevenii)	Size: 65–104 cm (26–41 in) long, plus 19–29 cm (7–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna Diet: Believed to primarily eat worms	VU Unknown
Northern hog badger	A. albogularis (Blyth, 1853) Two subspecies A. a. albogularis (Greater hog badger) A. a. leucolaemus (Chinese hog badger)	South and East Asia (image includes collaris and hoevenii)	Size: 55–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 11–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest, bushland, agricultural area, wasteland, and montane grassland Diet: Small vertebrates, invertebrates, and plant material	LC Unknown
Sumatran hog badger	A. hoevenii (Blyth, 1853)	Sumatra	Size: 51–71 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 8–18 cm (3–7 in) tail Habitat: Montane and mossy forests, montane grasslands Diet: Believed to primarily eat invertebrates	LC Unknown

Genus *Meles* – Brisson, 1762 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Asian badger	M. leucurus (Hodgson, 1847) Five subspecies M. l. amurensis (Amur badger) M. l. arenarius (Kazakh badger) M. l. leucurus (Common sand badger) M. l. sibiricus (Siberian badger) M. l. tianschanensis (Tien Shan badger)	Central and east Asia	Size: 49–70 cm (19–28 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest Diet: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals	LC Unknown
European badger	M. meles (Linnaeus, 1758) Four subspecies M. m. heptneri (Kizlyar badger) M. m. marianensis (Iberian badger) M. m. meles (Common badger) M. m. milleri (Norwegian badger)	Europe (map also includes range of Caucasian badger)	Size: 56–90 cm (22–35 in) long, plus 11–20 cm (4–8 in) tail Habitat: Grassland, forest, desert, and shrubland Diet: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals	LC Unknown
Japanese badger	M. anakuma Temminck, 1844	Japan	Size: 70–79 cm (28–31 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats earthworms and insects, as well as fruit	LC Unknown

Subfamily Mellivorinae

Genus *Mellivora* – Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, 1780 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Honey badger	M. capensis (Schreber, 1776) Twelve subspecies M. c. abyssinica (Ethiopian ratel) M. c. buechneri (Turkmenian ratel) M. c. capensis (Cape ratel) M. c. concisa (Lake Chad ratel) M. c. cottoni (Black ratel) M. c. inaurita (Nepalese ratel) M. c. indica (Indian ratel) M. c. leuconota (White-backed ratel) M. c. maxwelli (Kenyan ratel) M. c. pumilio (Arabian ratel) M. c. signata (Speckled ratel) M. c. wilsoni (Persian ratel)	Africa, Middle East, and India	Size: 73–96 cm (29–38 in) long, plus 14–23 cm (6–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, savanna, and desert Diet: Primarily eats smaller mammals	LC Unknown

Subfamily Mustelinae

Genus *Mustela* – Linnaeus, 1758 – fifteen species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Back-striped weasel	M. strigidorsa Gray, 1855	Parts of southeast Asia	Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Unknown, but believed to eat rodents and insects	LC Unknown
Black-footed ferret	M. nigripes (Audubon, 1851)	Three small areas in central United States	Size: 50–53 cm (20–21 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Primarily eats prairie dogs	EN 200
Egyptian weasel	M. subpalmata Hemprich, 1833	Nile river delta in Egypt	Size: 32–43 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Urban, marine Diet: Primarily eats fruit and vegetables, birds, and insects	LC Unknown
European mink	M. lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761) Seven subspecies M. l. biedermanni (French mink) M. l. binominata M. l. cylipena (Middle European mink) M. l. lutreola (Northern mink) M. l. novikovi (Middle Russian mink) M. l. transsylvanica (Carpathian mink) M. l. turovi (Caucasian mink)	Scattered parts of west Asia and west Europe	Size: 35–43 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 15–19 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands Diet: Primarily eats amphibians, crustaceans, fish, small mammals, insects, and birds	CR Unknown
European polecat	M. putorius Linnaeus, 1758 Six subspecies M. p. anglia (Welsh polecat) M. p. aureola (Mediterranean polecat) M. p. caledoniae (Scottish polecat)† M. p. mosquensis (Middle Russian polecat) M. p. putorius (Common polecat) M. p. rothschildi (Carpathian polecat)	Europe and west Asia	Size: 29–46 cm (11–18 in) long, plus 8–17 cm (3–7 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, grassland, forest, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats lagomorphs, rodents, amphibians, and other vertebrates, as well as invertebrates and carrion	LC Unknown
Ferret	M. furo Linnaeus, 1758	Worldwide distribution (domesticated)	Size: 20–46 cm (8–18 in) long, plus 7–19 cm (3–7 in) tail Habitat: Domesticated Diet: Primarily eats small mammals	NE Unknown
Indonesian mountain weasel	M. lutreolina Robinson, 1917	Scattered parts of Indonesia	Size: 27–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as small mammals, birds, amphibians, and eggs	LC Unknown
Japanese weasel	M. itatsi Temminck, 1844	native to Japan, introduced to Russia (native range in blue, introduced in red (Hokkaido, Sakhalin))	Size: 21–36 cm (8–14 in) long, plus 7–16 cm (3–6 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest Diet: Primarily eats rodents, insects, amphibians, and reptiles	NT Unknown
Least weasel	M. nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 Seventeen subspecies M. n. allegheniensis (Allegheny weasel) M. n. boccamela (Transcaucasian weasel) M. n. campestris (Plains weasel) M. n. caucasica (Caucasian weasel) M. n. eskimo (Alaskan weasel) M. n. heptneri (Turkmenian weasel) M. n. mosanensis (Korean weasel) M. n. namiyei (Japanese weasel) M. n. nivalis (Common weasel) M. n. numidica (Mediterranean weasel) M. n. pallida (Montane Turkestan weasel) M. n. pygmaea (Siberian least weasel) M. n. rixosa (Bangs' weasel) M. n. rossica M. n. russelliana (Sichuan weasel) M. n. stoliczkana M. n. tonkinensis (Vietnamese weasel) M. n. vulgaris (Middle European weasel)	Europe, Asia, northern Africa, northern North America	Size: 11–26 cm (4–10 in) long, plus 1–9 cm (0–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, rocky areas, coastal marine, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats rodents and other small mammals as well as eggs, lizards, frogs, salamanders, fish, worms, and carrion	LC Unknown
Malayan weasel	M. nudipes Desmarest, 1822 Two subspecies M. n. leucocephalus M. n. nudipes	Southeast Asia	Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as small birds, lizards, and insects	LC Unknown
Mountain weasel	M. altaica Pallas, 1811 Four subspecies M. a. altaica M. a. birulai M. a. raddei M. a. temon	Central and eastern Asia	Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats pikas, rodents, small birds, lizards, and insects	NT Unknown
Siberian weasel	M. sibirica Pallas, 1773 Eleven subspecies M. s. canigula (Tibetan kolonok) M. s. charbinensis (Manchurian kolonok) M. s. coreanus (Korean kolonok) M. s. davidiana (Taiwanese kolonok) M. s. fontanierii (North Chinese kolonok) M. s. hodgsoni (Hodgson's kolonok) M. s. manchurica (Far Eastern kolonok) M. s. moupinensis (Burmese kolonok) M. s. quelpartis (Quelpart kolonok) M. s. sibirica (Siberian kolonok) M. s. subhemachalana (Himalayan kolonok)	North-central and east Asia (native range in green, introduced in red (Japan))	Size: 25–39 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, forest, and rocky areas Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, amphibians, fish, carrion, and pine nuts	LC Unknown
Steppe polecat	M. eversmanii Lesson, 1827 Seven subspecies M. e. admirata (Chinese steppe polecat) M. e. amurensis (Amur steppe polecat) M. e. eversmanii (Petropavlov steppe polecat) M. e. hungarica (European steppe polecat) M. e. larvatus (Tibetan steppe polecat) M. e. michnoi (Baikal steppe polecat) M. e. talassicus (Turkestan steppe polecat)	Central Asia and eastern Europe	Size: 29–56 cm (11–22 in) long, plus 8–18 cm (3–7 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats rodents and pikas	LC Unknown
Stoat	M. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 37 subspecies M. e. aestiva (Middle Russian stoat) M. e. alascensis (Junean stoat) M. e. anguinae (Vancouver Island stoat) M. e. arctica (Tundra stoat) M. e. augustidens M. e. bangsi (Western Great Lakes stoat) M. e. celenda M. e. cigognanii (Bonaparte's stoat) M. e. erminea (Northern stoat) M. e. fallenda M. e. ferghanae (Fergana stoat) M. e. gulosa M. e. haidarum (Queen Charlotte Islands stoat) M. e. hibernica (Irish stoat) M. e. initis M. e. invicta M. e. kadiacensis (Kodiak stoat) M. e. kaneii (East Siberian stoat) M. e. karaginensis (Karaginsky stoat) M. e. lymani (Altai stoat) M. e. martinoi M. e. minima (Swiss stoat) M. e. mongolica (Gobi stoat) M. e. muricus (Southwestern stoat) M. e. nippon (Japanese stoat) M. e. ognevi M. e. olympica (Olympic stoat) M. e. polaris (Polar stoat) M. e. richardsonii (Richardson's stoat) M. e. ricinae (Hebrides stoat) M. e. salva M. e. seclusa M. e. semplei (Baffin Island stoat) M. e. stabilis (British stoat) M. e. streatori M. e. teberdina (Caucasian stoat) M. e. tobolica (Tobolsk stoat)	Europe, north Asia, northern North America, and Greenland (native range in green, introduced in red (New Zealand)); map includes range of American and haida ermines	Size: 17–33 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 4–12 cm (2–5 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, inland wetlands, grassland, rocky areas, and forest Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, as well as fruit, earthworms, insects, eggs, and birds	LC Unknown
Yellow-bellied weasel	M. kathiah Hodgson, 1835 Two subspecies M. k. caporiaccoi M. k. kathiah	Himalayan mountains and east-southeast Asia	Size: 25–27 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as birds and small mammals	LC Unknown

Genus *Neogale* – Gray, 1865 – five species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazon weasel	N. africana (Desmarest, 1818) Two subspecies N. a. africana N. a. stolzmanni	Amazon basin	Size: 41–52 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 16–21 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest Diet: Unknown	LC Unknown
American mink	N. vison (Schreber, 1777) Fifteen subspecies N. v. aestuarina (California lowland mink) N. v. aniakensis N. v. energumenos (Western mink) N. v. evagor N. v. evergladensis (Everglades mink) N. v. ingens (Alaskan mink) N. v. lacustris (Hudson Bay mink) N. v. letifera (Mississippi Valley mink) N. v. lowii N. v. lutensis (Florida mink) N. v. melampeplus (Kenai mink) N. v. mink (Common mink) N. v. nesolestes (Island mink) N. v. vison (Eastern mink) N. v. vulgivaga (Southern mink)	Canada and United States; introduced to large areas in South America, Europe, and Asia (native range in red (North America), introduced in pink)	Size: 31–45 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 14–25 cm (6–10 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats fish, amphibians, crustaceans, muskrats, and small mammals	LC Unknown
Colombian weasel	N. felipei (Izor and Torre, 1978)	Small area of northwest South America	Size: 32–39 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest Diet: Unknown, but believed to eat fish, small mammals, and insects	VU 1,300
Long-tailed weasel	N. frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831) 42 subspecies N. f. affinis N. f. agilis N. f. alleni (Black Hills long-tailed weasel) N. f. altifrontalis N. f. arizonensis (Arizona long-tailed weasel) N. f. arthuri N. f. aureoventris N. f. boliviensis (Bolivian long-tailed weasel) N. f. costaricensis (Costa Rican long-tailed weasel) N. f. effera N. f. frenata (Bridled weasel) N. f. goldmani (Chiapas long-tailed weasel) N. f. gracilis N. f. helleri N. f. inyoensis (Inyo long-tailed weasel) N. f. latirostra N. f. leucoparia N. f. longicauda (Common long-tailed weasel) N. f. macrophonius N. f. munda N. f. neomexicanus (New Mexico long-tailed weasel) N. f. nevadensis (Nevada long-tailed weasel) N. f. nicaraguae (Nicaraguan long-tailed weasel) N. f. nigriauris N. f. notius N. f. noveboracensis (New York long-tailed weasel) N. f. occisor N. f. olivacea N. f. oregonensis (Oregon long-tailed weasel) N. f. oribasus N. f. panamensis (Panama long-tailed weasel) N. f. peninsulae (Florida long-tailed weasel) N. f. perda N. f. perotae N. f. primulina N. f. pulchra N. f. saturata (Cascade Mountains long-tailed weasel) N. f. spadix N. f. texensis (Texas long-tailed weasel) N. f. tropicalis (Tropical long-tailed weasel) N. f. washingtoni (Washington long-tailed weasel) N. f. xanthogenys (California long-tailed weasel)	North America, Central America, and northern South America	Size: 28–42 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 11–30 cm (4–12 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats rodents and other small mammals	LC Unknown
Sea mink†	N. macrodon (Prentiss, 1903)	formerly northern New England coast in United States, Maritime Provinces in Canada	Size: Estimated to have been around 91 cm (36 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail Habitat: Intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine Diet: Primarily ate fish as well as molluscs	EX 0

Subfamily Taxidiinae

Genus *Taxidea* – Horsfield, 1839 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
American badger	T. taxus (Schreber, 1777) Five subspecies T. t. berlandieri (Texas badger) T. t. jacksoni (Jackson's badger) T. t. jeffersonii (British Columbia badger) T. t. marylandica (Maryland badger) T. t. taxus	Mexico, United States and southern Canada	Size: 42–72 cm (17–28 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats fossorial rodents, as well as scorpions, insects, snakes, lizards, and birds	LC Unknown

References

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↑ Streubel, Donald (2000). "American Marten". Digital Atlas of Idaho. Idaho State University. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
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↑ Webb, Amanda (2013). "Martes gwatkinsii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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↑ Bates, Jeremy (2002). "Martes zibellina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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↑ Shak, Marcus (2012). "Martes flavigula". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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↑ Rhines, Cynthia (2003). "Martes pennanti". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
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1 2 Edmison, Nicole (2003). "Melogale everetti". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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1 2 Clarke, Rosie (2003). "Melogale personata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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1 2 Denryter, Kristin (2013). "Melogale orientalis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
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↑ Gregg, Mackenzie (2013). "Galictis grison". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
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↑ Melrose, Robert (2004). "Galictis cuja". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
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↑ Malek, Karen (2003). "Lyncodon patagonicus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
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1 2 Brilliant, Matt (2000). "Poecilogale albinucha". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
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↑ Petroelje, Tyler (2011). "Vormela peregusna". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
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1 2 "African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
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↑ "Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Wright, L.; de Silva, P. K.; Chan, B. P. L.; Reza Lubis, I.; Basak, S. (2021). "Aonyx cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T44166A164580923. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44166A164580923.en.
↑ "Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
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↑ "Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
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1 2 "Spotted-necked Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
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↑ "North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Serfass, T. (2021). "Lontra canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12302A164577078. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12302A164577078.en.
↑ "Southern River Otter (Lontra provocax)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Sepúlveda, M. A.; Valenzuela, A. E.; Pozzi, C.; Medina-Vogel, G.; Chehébar, C. (2021). "Lontra provocax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12305A95970485. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12305A95970485.en.
↑ "Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Rheingantz, M. L.; Rosas-Ribeiro, P.; Gallo-Reynoso, J.; Fonseca da Silva, V. C.; Wallace, R.; Utreras, V.; Hernández-Romero, P. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Lontra longicaudis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12304A219373698. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12304A219373698.en.
↑ Jefferson, Thomas A.; Webber, Marc A.; Pitman, Robert L. (2015). Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification. Academic Press. pp. 539–541. ISBN 978-0-12-409592-2.
1 2 3 Mangel, J.; Alfaro-Shigueto, J.; Verdi, R.; Rheingantz, M. L. (2022). "Lontra felina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12303A215395045. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12303A215395045.en.
↑ "Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Loy, A.; Kranz, A.; Oleynikov, A.; Roos, A.; Savage, M.; Duplaix, N. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12419A218069689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12419A218069689.en.
↑ "Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Sasaki, H.; Aadrean, A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Basak, S. (2021). "Lutra sumatrana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12421A164579488. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12421A164579488.en.
↑ "Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Khoo, M.; Basak, S.; Sivasothi, N.; de Silva, P.K.; Reza Lubis, I. (2021). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12427A164579961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12427A164579961.en.
↑ "Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
1 2 3 Groenendijk, J.; Leuchtenberger, C.; Marmontel, M.; Van Damme, P. A.; Wallace, R.; Schenck, C. (2023) [amended version of 2022 assessment]. "Pteronura brasiliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T18711A244867206. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T18711A244867206.en.
1 2 3 Helgen, Kristofer M.; Lim, Norman T.-L.; Helgen, Lauren E. (2008). "The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 154 (2): 353–385. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00416.x. ISSN 1096-3642. PMC 7107037. PMID 32287392.
1 2 3 Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T. N. E.; Long, B.; Helgen, K.; Rahman, H.; Choudhury, A.U.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Arctonyx collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T70205537A259343689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T70205537A259343689.en.
1 2 3 Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). "Arctonyx albogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T70206273A70206436.
1 2 3 Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). "Arctonyx hoevenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T70205771A70205927.
↑ Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan, eds. (2013). Mammals of China. Princeton University Press. p. 326. ISBN 978-1-4008-4688-7.
1 2 3 Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Meles leucurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136385A45221149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136385A45221149.en.
↑ Wang, Annie (2011). "Meles meles". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
1 2 3 Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29673A45203002. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29673A45203002.en.
↑ Riney, Julie (2011). "Meles anakuma". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
1 2 3 Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Meles anakuma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136242A45221049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136242A45221049.en.
↑ "Honey Badger (Ratel)". San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants. San Diego Zoo. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
1 2 3 Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41629A45210107. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41629A45210107.en.
1 2 Stewart, Reynaud (2013). "Mustela strigidorsa". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
1 2 3 Roberton, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A. U.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Dinets, V. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Mustela strigidorsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T14027A259351433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T14027A259351433.en.
↑ Hillman, Conrad N.; Clark, Tim W. (April 15, 1980). "Mustela nigripes". Mammalian Species. 1 (126): 1–3. Bibcode:1980MamSp.126....1H. doi:10.2307/3503892. JSTOR 3503892.
1 2 3 Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R. G.; Hughes, J. P. (2015). "Mustela nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T14020A45200314. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en.
↑ "Mustela subpalmata". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 McDonald, R. A.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mustela subpalmata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41660A65993325. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41660A65993325.en.
↑ Storgaard, Morten Swayne (2015). "Mustela subpalmata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
↑ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1083–1084. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
1 2 3 Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Gomez, A.; Põdra, M.; Abramov, A. V.; Dinets, V. (2016). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14018A45199861. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14018A45199861.en.
↑ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1114–1115. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
1 2 3 Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J. D. S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R.; Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41658A45214384. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41658A45214384.en.
↑ Bradford, Alina (April 12, 2016). "Facts About Ferrets". Live Science. Future. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
1 2 Hunt, Amelia (2013). "Mustela lutreolina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 Duckworth, J. W.; Holden, J.; Eaton, J.; Meijaard, E.; Long, B.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela lutreolina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14019A45200228. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14019A45200228.en.
↑ Abramov, Alexei V. "On a taxonomic position of the weasel (Carnivora, Mustela) from the Cheju Island (South Korea)". Russian Journal of Theriology. 4 (2): 112.
1 2 3 Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela itatsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41656A45214163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41656A45214163.en.
↑ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 970–972. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
1 2 3 McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Krytufek, B.; Reid, F. (2016). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T70207409A147993366. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70207409A147993366.en.
1 2 Kohlmann, Jodie (2014). "Mustela nudipes". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2015). "Mustela nudipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41657A45214257. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41657A45214257.en.
↑ Ellen, Sherrill (2002). "Mustela altaica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41653A45213647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41653A45213647.en.
↑ Kreutzer, Jason (2003). "Mustela sibirica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 Abramov, A. V.; Duckworth, J. W.; Choudhury, A. U.; Chutipong, W.; Timmins, R. J.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B.P.L.; Dinets, V. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Mustela sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T41659A259351069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41659A259351069.en.
↑ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1142–1143. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
1 2 3 Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela eversmanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29679A45203762. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29679A45203762.en.
↑ Loso, Heather (1999). "Mustela erminea". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29674A45203335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29674A45203335.en.
1 2 Bandner, Kerstin (2002). "Mustela kathiah". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
1 2 3 Willcox, D. H. A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Choudhury, A. U.; Chutipong, W.; Chan, B. P. L.; Lau, M.; Roberton, S. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Mustela kathiah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T41655A259350673. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41655A259350673.en.
↑ Ramírez-Chaves, H. E.; Arango-Guerra, H. L.; Patterson, B. D. (December 18, 2014). "Mustela africana (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". Mammalian Species. 46 (917): 110–115. doi:10.1644/917.1.
1 2 3 Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Mustela africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14025A45200982. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14025A45200982.en.
↑ Bandner, Kerstin (2002). "Mustela kathiah". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
↑ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1397–1399. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
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↑ Chaves, Héctor E. Ramírez; Patterson, Bruce D. (August 8, 2014). "Mustela felipei (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". Mammalian Species. 46 (906): 11–15. doi:10.1644/906.
1 2 3 González-Maya, J. F.; Emmons, L.; Helgen, K.; Arias-Alzate, AAA (2016). "Mustela felipei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14026A45201088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14026A45201088.en.
↑ Wesner, Kirsten (2014). "Mustela felipei". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
↑ Newell, Toni Lynn (2002). "Mustela frenata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
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↑ Seton, E. T. (1929). Lives of Game Animals. Vol. 2. Doubleday, Doran. p. 562. OCLC 872457192.
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↑ Shefferly, Nancy (1999). "Taxidea taxus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
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[IUCNPatagonianweasel-41] 1 2 3 Kelt, D.; Pardiñas, U.; Schiaffini, M.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). "Lyncodon patagonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41647A45212747. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41647A45212747.en.

[ADWAfricanstripedweasel-42] 1 2 Brilliant, Matt (2000). "Poecilogale albinucha". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.

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[ADWMarbledpolecat-44] Petroelje, Tyler (2011). "Vormela peregusna". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 22, 2019.

[IUCNMarbledpolecat-45] 1 2 3 Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A.; Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29680A45203971. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29680A45203971.en.

[OSGAfricanclawlessotter-46] 1 2 "African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNAfricanclawlessotter-47] 1 2 3 Jacques, H.; Reed-Smith, J.; Somers, M. J. (2025) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Aonyx capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T1793A283511258. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T1793A283511258.en.

[OSGAsiansmall-clawedotter-48] "Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNAsiansmall-clawedotter-49] 1 2 3 Wright, L.; de Silva, P. K.; Chan, B. P. L.; Reza Lubis, I.; Basak, S. (2021). "Aonyx cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T44166A164580923. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T44166A164580923.en.

[OSGCongoclawlessotter-50] "Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved August 30, 2021.

[IUCNCongoclawlessotter-51] 1 2 3 Jacques, H.; Reed-Smith, J.; Davenport, L.; Somers, M. J. (2021). "Aonyx congicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T1794A164576337. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T1794A164576337.en.

[OSGSeaotter-52] "Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNSeaotter-53] 1 2 3 Doroff, A.; Burdin, A.; Larson, S. (2022) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Enhydra lutris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T7750A219377647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7750A219377647.en.

[OSGSpotted-neckedotter-54] 1 2 "Spotted-necked Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNSpotted-neckedotter-55] 1 2 3 Reed-Smith, J.; Jacques, H.; Somers, M. J. (2025) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Hydrictis maculicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12420A283512853. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12420A283512853.en.

[OSGNorthAmericanriverotter-56] "North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNNorthAmericanriverotter-57] 1 2 3 Serfass, T. (2021). "Lontra canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12302A164577078. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12302A164577078.en.

[OSGSouthernriverotter-58] "Southern River Otter (Lontra provocax)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNSouthernriverotter-59] 1 2 3 Sepúlveda, M. A.; Valenzuela, A. E.; Pozzi, C.; Medina-Vogel, G.; Chehébar, C. (2021). "Lontra provocax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12305A95970485. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12305A95970485.en.

[OSGNeotropicalotter-60] "Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNNeotropicalotter-61] 1 2 3 Rheingantz, M. L.; Rosas-Ribeiro, P.; Gallo-Reynoso, J.; Fonseca da Silva, V. C.; Wallace, R.; Utreras, V.; Hernández-Romero, P. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Lontra longicaudis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12304A219373698. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12304A219373698.en.

[MarineotterSize-62] Jefferson, Thomas A.; Webber, Marc A.; Pitman, Robert L. (2015). Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification. Academic Press. pp. 539–541. ISBN 978-0-12-409592-2.

[IUCNMarineotter-63] 1 2 3 Mangel, J.; Alfaro-Shigueto, J.; Verdi, R.; Rheingantz, M. L. (2022). "Lontra felina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12303A215395045. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12303A215395045.en.

[OSGEurasianotter-64] "Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNEurasianotter-65] 1 2 3 Loy, A.; Kranz, A.; Oleynikov, A.; Roos, A.; Savage, M.; Duplaix, N. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12419A218069689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12419A218069689.en.

[OSGHairy-nosedotter-66] "Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNHairy-nosedotter-67] 1 2 3 Sasaki, H.; Aadrean, A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Basak, S. (2021). "Lutra sumatrana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12421A164579488. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12421A164579488.en.

[OSGSmooth-coatedotter-68] "Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNSmooth-coatedotter-69] 1 2 3 Khoo, M.; Basak, S.; Sivasothi, N.; de Silva, P.K.; Reza Lubis, I. (2021). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T12427A164579961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12427A164579961.en.

[OSGGiantotter-70] "Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[IUCNGiantotter-71] 1 2 3 Groenendijk, J.; Leuchtenberger, C.; Marmontel, M.; Van Damme, P. A.; Wallace, R.; Schenck, C. (2023) [amended version of 2022 assessment]. "Pteronura brasiliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T18711A244867206. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T18711A244867206.en.

[Hogbadgersize-72] 1 2 3 Helgen, Kristofer M.; Lim, Norman T.-L.; Helgen, Lauren E. (2008). "The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 154 (2): 353–385. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00416.x. ISSN 1096-3642. PMC 7107037. PMID 32287392.

[IUCNGreaterhogbadger-73] 1 2 3 Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T. N. E.; Long, B.; Helgen, K.; Rahman, H.; Choudhury, A.U.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Arctonyx collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T70205537A259343689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T70205537A259343689.en.

[IUCNNorthernhogbadger-74] 1 2 3 Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). "Arctonyx albogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T70206273A70206436.

[IUCNSumatranhogbadger-75] 1 2 3 Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). "Arctonyx hoevenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T70205771A70205927.

[AsianbadgerSize-76] Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan, eds. (2013). Mammals of China. Princeton University Press. p. 326. ISBN 978-1-4008-4688-7.

[IUCNAsianbadger-77] 1 2 3 Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Meles leucurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136385A45221149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136385A45221149.en.

[ADWEuropeanbadger-78] Wang, Annie (2011). "Meles meles". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 27, 2019.

[IUCNEuropeanbadger-79] 1 2 3 Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29673A45203002. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29673A45203002.en.

[ADWJapanesebadger-80] Riney, Julie (2011). "Meles anakuma". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 27, 2019.

[IUCNJapanesebadger-81] 1 2 3 Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Meles anakuma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T136242A45221049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136242A45221049.en.

[HoneybadgerSize-82] "Honey Badger (Ratel)". San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants. San Diego Zoo. Retrieved November 27, 2019.

[IUCNHoneybadger-83] 1 2 3 Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41629A45210107. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41629A45210107.en.

[ADWBack-stripedweasel-84] 1 2 Stewart, Reynaud (2013). "Mustela strigidorsa". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 12, 2019.

[IUCNBack-stripedweasel-85] 1 2 3 Roberton, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A. U.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Dinets, V. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Mustela strigidorsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T14027A259351433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T14027A259351433.en.

[Black-footedferretsize-86] Hillman, Conrad N.; Clark, Tim W. (April 15, 1980). "Mustela nigripes". Mammalian Species. 1 (126): 1–3. Bibcode:1980MamSp.126....1H. doi:10.2307/3503892. JSTOR 3503892.

[IUCNBlack-footedferret-87] 1 2 3 Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R. G.; Hughes, J. P. (2015). "Mustela nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T14020A45200314. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en.

[Egyptianweaselsize-88] "Mustela subpalmata". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNEgyptianweasel-89] 1 2 3 McDonald, R. A.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mustela subpalmata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41660A65993325. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41660A65993325.en.

[ADWEgyptianweasel-90] Storgaard, Morten Swayne (2015). "Mustela subpalmata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 22, 2020.

[Europeanminksize-91] Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1083–1084. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.

[IUCNEuropeanmink-92] 1 2 3 Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Gomez, A.; Põdra, M.; Abramov, A. V.; Dinets, V. (2016). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14018A45199861. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14018A45199861.en.

[Europeanpolecatsize-93] Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1114–1115. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.

[IUCNEuropeanpolecat-94] 1 2 3 Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J. D. S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R.; Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41658A45214384. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41658A45214384.en.

[Ferretsize-95] Bradford, Alina (April 12, 2016). "Facts About Ferrets". Live Science. Future. Retrieved August 30, 2021.

[ADWIndonesianmountainweasel-96] 1 2 Hunt, Amelia (2013). "Mustela lutreolina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNIndonesianmountainweasel-97] 1 2 3 Duckworth, J. W.; Holden, J.; Eaton, J.; Meijaard, E.; Long, B.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela lutreolina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14019A45200228. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14019A45200228.en.

[Japaneseweaselsize-98] Abramov, Alexei V. "On a taxonomic position of the weasel (Carnivora, Mustela) from the Cheju Island (South Korea)". Russian Journal of Theriology. 4 (2): 112.

[IUCNJapaneseweasel-99] 1 2 3 Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela itatsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41656A45214163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41656A45214163.en.

[Leastweaselsize-100] Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 970–972. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.

[IUCNLeastweasel-101] 1 2 3 McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Krytufek, B.; Reid, F. (2016). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T70207409A147993366. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70207409A147993366.en.

[ADWMalayanweasel-102] 1 2 Kohlmann, Jodie (2014). "Mustela nudipes". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNMalayanweasel-103] 1 2 3 Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2015). "Mustela nudipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T41657A45214257. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41657A45214257.en.

[ADWMountainweasel-104] Ellen, Sherrill (2002). "Mustela altaica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNMountainweasel-105] 1 2 3 Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41653A45213647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41653A45213647.en.

[ADWSiberianweasel-106] Kreutzer, Jason (2003). "Mustela sibirica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNSiberianweasel-107] 1 2 3 Abramov, A. V.; Duckworth, J. W.; Choudhury, A. U.; Chutipong, W.; Timmins, R. J.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B.P.L.; Dinets, V. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Mustela sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T41659A259351069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41659A259351069.en.

[Steppepolecatsize-108] Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1142–1143. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.

[IUCNSteppepolecat-109] 1 2 3 Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela eversmanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29679A45203762. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29679A45203762.en.

[ADWStoat-110] Loso, Heather (1999). "Mustela erminea". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNStoat-111] 1 2 3 Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T29674A45203335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29674A45203335.en.

[ADWYellow-belliedweasel-112] 1 2 Bandner, Kerstin (2002). "Mustela kathiah". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNYellow-belliedweasel-113] 1 2 3 Willcox, D. H. A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Choudhury, A. U.; Chutipong, W.; Chan, B. P. L.; Lau, M.; Roberton, S. (2024) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Mustela kathiah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T41655A259350673. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41655A259350673.en.

[Amazonweaselsize-114] Ramírez-Chaves, H. E.; Arango-Guerra, H. L.; Patterson, B. D. (December 18, 2014). "Mustela africana (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". Mammalian Species. 46 (917): 110–115. doi:10.1644/917.1.

[IUCNAmazonweasel-115] 1 2 3 Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Mustela africana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14025A45200982. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14025A45200982.en.

[ADWAmazonweasel-116] Bandner, Kerstin (2002). "Mustela kathiah". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 22, 2020.

[Americanminksize-117] Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae). Smithsonian Institution. pp. 1397–1399. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.

[IUCNAmericanmink-118] 1 2 3 Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41661A45214988. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41661A45214988.en.

[Colombianweaselsize-119] Chaves, Héctor E. Ramírez; Patterson, Bruce D. (August 8, 2014). "Mustela felipei (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". Mammalian Species. 46 (906): 11–15. doi:10.1644/906.

[IUCNColombianweasel-120] 1 2 3 González-Maya, J. F.; Emmons, L.; Helgen, K.; Arias-Alzate, AAA (2016). "Mustela felipei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T14026A45201088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14026A45201088.en.

[ADWColombianweasel-121] Wesner, Kirsten (2014). "Mustela felipei". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved January 22, 2020.

[ADWLong-tailedweasel-122] Newell, Toni Lynn (2002). "Mustela frenata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNLong-tailedweasel-123] 1 2 3 Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Mustela frenata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41654A45213820. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41654A45213820.en.

[Seaminksize-124] Seton, E. T. (1929). Lives of Game Animals. Vol. 2. Doubleday, Doran. p. 562. OCLC 872457192.

[IUCNSeamink-125] 1 2 3 Helgen, K.; Turvey, S. T. (2016). "Neovison macrodon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T40784A45204492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40784A45204492.en.

[ADWAmericanbadger-126] Shefferly, Nancy (1999). "Taxidea taxus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

[IUCNAmericanbadger-127] 1 2 3 Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Taxidea taxus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41663A45215410. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41663A45215410.en.