List of ochotonids

Brown and gray pika carrying flowers in its mouth
American pika (Ochotona princeps)

Ochotonidae is a family of small mammals in the order Lagomorpha. A member of this family is called an ochotonid or, colloquially, a pika. They are widespread throughout Asia and western North America, and are generally found in grassland, shrubland, and rocky biomes. Pikas are all roughly the same shape and size, with no tails, ranging from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 29 cm (11 in) long northern pika. No species have population estimates and many have not yet had their conservation status evaluated, though the Helan Shan pika, Hoffmann's pika, Ili pika, and Koslov's pika are considered endangered.

The 29 extant species of Ochotonidae are contained within a single genus, Ochotona, though that genus is sometimes split into four subgenera: Alienauroa, Conothoa (mountain pikas), Ochotona (shrub-steppe pikas), and Pika (northern pikas). Many extinct Ochotonidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (4 species)
 VU Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT Near threatened (0 species)
 LC Least concern (24 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (1 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the ochotonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

The family Ochotonidae consists of twenty-nine extant species in one genus which are divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Asia and western North America
Ochotonidae distribution

Ochotonids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.

Genus Ochotona – Link, 1795 – 29 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Afghan pika

Drawing of brown pika

 O. rufescens
(Gray, 1842)

Three subspecies
  • O. r. regina
  • O. r. rufescens
  • O. r. shukurovoi
Central Asia
Map of range		 Size: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and desert

Diet: Herbs and shrubs		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
Alpine pika

Brown and gray pika

 O. alpina
(Pallas, 1773)

Four subspecies
  • O. a. alpina
  • O. a. changaica
  • O. a. cinereofusca
  • O. a. sushkini
Northeastern Asia
Map of range		 Size: 15–26 cm (6–10 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
American pika

Brown and gray pika

 O. princeps
(Richardson, 1828)

Five subspecies
  • O. p. figginsi
  • O. p. princeps
  • O. p. saxatilis
  • O. p. schisticeps
  • O. p. taylori
Western North America
Map of range		 Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Sedges, grass, forbs, and shrubs		  LC 

Unknown Population declining
Chinese red pika

Drawing of brown and gray pikas

 O. erythrotis
(Büchner, 1890)		 Central China
Map of range		 Size: 18–19 cm (7–7 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Collared pika

Gray pika

 O. collaris
(Nelson, 1893)		 Northwestern North America
Map of range		 Size: 14–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants, as well as bird brains		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Daurian pika

Drawing of brown pika

 O. dauurica
(Pallas, 1776)

Four subspecies
  • O. d. annectens
  • O. d. bedfordi
  • O. d. dauurica
  • O. d. mursavi
Northeastern Asia
Map of range		 Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland

Diet: Shrubs, grass, legumes, and flowers		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Forrest's pika O. forresti
Thomas, 1923		 Southeastern Asia
Map of range		 Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Gansu pika

Drawing of brown pikas

 O. cansus
Lyon, 1907

Four subspecies
  • O. c. cansus
  • O. c. morosa
  • O. c. sorella
  • O. c. stevensi
Central China
Map of range		 Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Shrubs and other plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Glover's pika O. gloveri
Thomas, 1922

Three subspecies
  • O. g. brookei
  • O. g. calloceps
  • O. g. gloveri
Central China
Map of range		 Size: 16–25 cm (6–10 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Forbs, sedge, and grass		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Helan Shan pika O. argentata
Howell, 1928		 Central China
Map of range		 Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants		  EN 

Unknown Population declining
Hoffmann's pika O. hoffmanni
Formozov, Yakhontov, Dmitriev, 1996		 Northern Mongolia
Map of range		 Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants		  EN 

Unknown Unknown
Ili pika O. iliensis
Li, Ma, 1986		 Western China
Map of range		 Size: 20–21 cm (8–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Herbs and shrubs		  EN 

Unknown Population declining
Kazakh pika O. opaca
Argiropulo, 1930		 Central Asia
Map of range		 Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas

Diet: Shrubs, herbs, and grass		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
Korean pika O. coreana
Allen, Andrews, 1913		 North Korea and southeastern China
Map of range		 Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen		  DD 

Unknown Unknown
Koslov's pika

Drawing of brown pika

 O. koslowi
(Büchner, 1894)		 Western China
Map of range		 Size: 22–24 cm (9–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland

Diet: Sedges and other plants		  EN 

Unknown Population declining
Ladak pika

Brown pika

 O. ladacensis
(Günther, 1875)		 Western China and northern India and Pakistan
Map of range		 Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long

Habitat: Grassland

Diet: Shrubs, flowers, and roots		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Large-eared pika

Brown pika

 O. macrotis
(Günther, 1875)

Five subspecies
  • O. m. auritus
  • O. m. chinensis
  • O. m. macrotis
  • O. m. sacana
  • O. m. wollastoni
Central Asia and central China
Map of range		 Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Grass, legumes, sedges, herbs, berries, twigs, moss, and lichen		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Manchurian pika

 O. mantchurica
Thomas, 1909		 Northeastern China
Map of range		 Size: 13–22 cm (5–9 in) long

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Moupin pika O. thibetana
(Milne-Edwards, 1871)

Five subspecies
  • O. t. nangqenica
  • O. t. osgoodi
  • O. t. sacraria (Sacred pika)
  • O. t. sikimaria (Sikkim pika)
  • O. t. thibetana
Central China
Map of range		 Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Northern pika

Brown pika

 O. hyperborea
(Pallas, 1811)

Seven subspecies
  • O. h. cinereoflava
  • O. h. ferruginea
  • O. h. hyperborea
  • O. h. normalis
  • O. h. uralensis
  • O. h. yesoensis
  • O. h. yoshikurai
Northeastern Asia
Map of range		 Size: 13–29 cm (5–11 in) long

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
Nubra pika O. nubrica
Thomas, 1922

Two subspecies
  • O. n. lhasaensis
  • O. n. nubrica
South Asia
Map of range		 Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Pallas's pika

Brown pika

 O. pallasi
(Gray, 1867)

Four subspecies
  • O. p. hamica
  • O. p. pallasi
  • O. p. pricei
  • O. p. sunidica
Central and Eastern Asia
Map of range		 Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long

Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas

Diet: Grass and herbs		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
Plateau pika

Brown pikas

 O. curzoniae
(Hodgson, 1858)		 Western China and Northern India
Map of range		 Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Grassland and desert

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Population declining
Royle's pika

Brown pika

 O. roylei
(Ogilby, 1839)

Two subspecies
  • O. r. himalayana (Himalayan pika)
  • O. r. nepalensis
  • O. r. roylei
  • O. r. wardi
Western China and Northern India
Map of range		 Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Forbs, as well as other plants		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
Steppe pika

Black and white drawing of a pika

 O. pusilla
(Pallas, 1769)

Two subspecies
  • O. p. angustifrons
  • O. p. pusilla
Central Asia
Map of range		 Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Grass and above-ground vegetation		  LC 

Unknown Population declining
Thomas's pika O. thomasi
Argiropulo, 1948		 Central China
Map of range		 Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Tsing-ling pika O. syrinx
Matschie, 1908		 Central China
Map of range		 Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long

Habitat: Forest and shrubland

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown
Turkestan red pika

Brown pika with plants in its mouth

 O. rutila
(Sévertsov, 1873)		 Central Asia
Map of range		 Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Grass and other plants		  LC 

Unknown Population steady
Turuchan pika

Brown and gray pika

 O. turuchanensis
Naumov, 1934		 Central Russia
Map of range		 Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long

Habitat: Rocky areas

Diet: Variety of plants		  LC 

Unknown Unknown

References

  1. ↑ "Fossilworks: Ochotonidae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  2. ↑ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 185–192
  3. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 77
  4. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Johnston, C. (2016). "Ochotona rufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41269A45184750. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41269A45184750.en.
  5. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 31
  6. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Cook, J. (2016). "Ochotona alpina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41255A45182115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41255A45182115.en.
  7. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 68–70
  8. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Beever; E. (2016). "Ochotona princeps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41267A45184315. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41267A45184315.en.
  9. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 46
  10. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41260A45183115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41260A45183115.en.
  11. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 36
  12. 1 2 3 Lanier, H. and Hik; D. (2016). "Ochotona collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41257A45182533. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41257A45182533.en.
  13. 1 2 Ciwko, Erin (2014). "Ochotona dauurica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  14. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Cook, J. (2016). "Ochotona dauurica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41259A45182905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41259A45182905.en.
  15. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 47
  16. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona forresti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15048A45178927. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15048A45178927.en.
  17. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 35
  18. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona cansus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41256A45182335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41256A45182335.en.
  19. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 48–49
  20. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona gloveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41261A45183256. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41261A45183256.en.
  21. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 33
  22. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona argentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41986A45194521. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41986A45194521.en.
  23. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 50
  24. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona hoffmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T40800A45181807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T40800A45181807.en.
  25. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 54
  26. 1 2 Li, W.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Ochotona iliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T15050A45179204. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15050A45179204.en.
  27. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 63–64
  28. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona opaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T99892252A99892261. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99892252A99892261.en.
  29. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 40
  30. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Jo, Y.-S. (2019) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Ochotona coreana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T87948071A161750319. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948071A161750319.en.
  31. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 56
  32. 1 2 Li, W.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Ochotona koslowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T15046A45178669. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15046A45178669.en.
  33. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 57–58
  34. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona ladacensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41264A45183725. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41264A45183725.en.
  35. ↑ Jordan, Dana (2005). "Ochotona macrotis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  36. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41265A45183918. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41265A45183918.en.
  37. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 59
  38. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 60–61
  39. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona mantchurica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T87948094A87948100. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948094A87948100.en.
  40. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 83
  41. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41271A45185018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41271A45185018.en.
  42. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 51–52
  43. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona hyperborea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T87948061A45183490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948061A45183490.en.
  44. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 62
  45. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Li, W. (2016). "Ochotona nubrica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15051A45179343. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15051A45179343.en.
  46. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 66
  47. 1 2 Lissovsky, A.; Smith, A. T. (2016). "Ochotona pallasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T99890206A45184094. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99890206A45184094.en.
  48. ↑ DeMers, Anna (2007). "Ochotona pallasi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  49. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Liu; S. (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Ochotona curzoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41258A160699229. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41258A160699229.en.
  50. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 75–76
  51. 1 2 Smith, A. T. and Bhattacharyya; S. (2016). "Ochotona roylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41268A45184591. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41268A45184591.en.
  52. 1 2 Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 73
  53. 1 2 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T15052A45179445. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15052A45179445.en.
  54. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 84
  55. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Liu, S. (2019). "Ochotona thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T15053A45179577. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T15053A45179577.en.
  56. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 82
  57. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona syrinx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T87948175A87948187. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87948175A87948187.en.
  58. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 80
  59. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T.; Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona rutila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41270A45184897. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41270A45184897.en.
  60. ↑ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 86
  61. 1 2 3 Smith, A. T. and Lissovsky; A. (2016). "Ochotona turuchanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T41503A45194115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41503A45194115.en.

Sources